Zalilah M S, Tham B L
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor.
Med J Malaysia. 2002 Mar;57(1):36-50.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity and its potential risk factors and outcomes among the Orang Asli (Temuan) households. Socioeconomic, demographic and food security information of the households and anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of preschoolers (n = 64) were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Food security was assessed using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument. Diet quality was based on 24 hour recall and analyzed according to the Malaysian RDA and Food Guide Pyramid. Majority of the households (82%) reported some kind of household food insecurity. The prevalence of significant underweight, stunting and wasting were 45.3%, 51.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Dietary intakes were less than 2/3 RDA levels for calories, calcium and iron. However, the intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and niacin exceeded the RDA and the sources for these nutrients were mainly rice, fish and green leafy vegetables. Among the five food groups, only the number of servings from cereals/cereal products/tubers group was achieved while that of the milk/diary products was the worst. Majority of the children (68.7%) had poor, 31.3% had fair and none with excellent diet quality. In general, diet quality and nutritional status of the children decreased as household food insecurity worsened. It is recommended that the nutritional problems of Orang Asli children be addressed through health, nutrition and economic programs and further studies should be carried out on determinants and consequences of household food insecurity.
本研究旨在确定原住民（特穆安人）家庭中家庭粮食不安全状况的流行率及其潜在风险因素和后果。通过结构化问卷获取了家庭的社会经济、人口统计和粮食安全信息，以及学龄前儿童（n = 64）的人体测量数据和饮食摄入量。使用拉迪默/康奈尔饥饿与粮食不安全工具评估粮食安全状况。饮食质量基于24小时回顾法，并根据马来西亚推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）和食物指南金字塔进行分析。大多数家庭（82%）报告存在某种家庭粮食不安全状况。严重体重不足、发育迟缓以及消瘦的患病率分别为45.3%、51.6%和7.8%。热量、钙和铁的膳食摄入量低于RDA水平的2/3。然而，蛋白质、维生素A、维生素C和烟酸的摄入量超过了RDA，这些营养素的来源主要是大米、鱼类和绿叶蔬菜。在五个食物类别中，只有谷物/谷物制品/块茎类别的份数达标，而奶类/奶制品类别的份数最差。大多数儿童（68.7%）饮食质量差，31.3%的儿童饮食质量一般，没有儿童饮食质量优秀。总体而言，随着家庭粮食不安全状况加剧，儿童的饮食质量和营养状况下降。建议通过健康、营养和经济项目解决原住民儿童的营养问题，并且应进一步研究家庭粮食不安全的决定因素和后果。
