Pegram Rupert G, Eddy Carlos
Caribbean Amblyomma Program, Food and Agriculture Organization, PO Box 631, Bridgetown, Barbados.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2002;28(1-4):273-81. doi: 10.1023/a:1025375206346.
Progress in the Caribbean Amblyomma Program (CAP) is reviewed since its inception in 1995 when regional eradication activities for Amblyomma variegatum ticks were initiated using Bayticol pour-on. Technical achievements in the various islands were slow initially, and showed a wide diversity in attaining eradication targets. St. Kitts, considered as a model program. eliminated the tropical Bont tick (TBT) from most of the island in less than 3 years. However, the elimination of very low numbers of residual adult TBT that persisted in three 'hot-spots' took another 3 years. A similar problem was faced in St. Lucia, although the approach there was to cull the wild cattle in the last remaining hot-spot. Both islands were certified as 'Provisionally free from TBT' in November 2001. In 2002, Anguilla and Montserrat attained the same status, and Barbados and Dominica also qualify for certification. Certification is based on strict, three-monthly, surveillance criteria: essentially, two successive TBT-free surveillance rounds on a statistically acceptable sample of the livestock population. Within the responsibility of the CAP, three islands remain TBT-infested, Antigua, Nevis, and St. Martin/St. Maarten. Nevis is of concern because it has been operational since late 1995, and appears unable to resolve the problem of treating stray small ruminants. Current funding should be adequate to complete eradication on Nevis and in St. Martin/St. Maarten. The major outstanding challenge is Antigua. In comparison to other islands they have the largest number of livestock, and have much larger populations than originally reported: sheep and goats are 4-5-fold higher, and cattle are 1.35-fold higher. The cost for Bayticol is, therefore, almost double and an additional US dollars 1.5 million is required for that commodity alone.
自1995年加勒比地区花蜱项目（CAP）启动以来的进展情况得到了回顾。该项目于1995年启动，当时使用拜敌克泼浇剂开展了消灭具色斑蜱的区域活动。各岛屿的技术成果起初进展缓慢，在实现根除目标方面表现出很大差异。圣基茨被视为一个典范项目，在不到3年的时间里，该岛大部分地区消灭了热带具斑蜱（TBT）。然而，要消灭在三个“热点地区”持续存在的极少数残留成年TBT又花了3年时间。圣卢西亚也面临类似问题，尽管当地采取的方法是在最后一个残留热点地区扑杀野生牛群。2001年11月，这两个岛屿均被认证为“暂未发现热带具斑蜱”。2002年，安圭拉和蒙特塞拉特也达到了同样的状态，巴巴多斯和多米尼克也有资格获得认证。认证基于严格的每三个月一次的监测标准：基本上是在统计上可接受的牲畜样本上进行连续两轮无热带具斑蜱的监测。在加勒比地区花蜱项目的职责范围内，仍有三个岛屿存在热带具斑蜱，即安提瓜、尼维斯和圣马丁/圣马丁岛。尼维斯令人担忧，因为自1995年末开始运作以来，似乎无法解决治疗流浪小反刍动物的问题。目前的资金应该足以在尼维斯和圣马丁/圣马丁岛完成根除工作。主要的突出挑战是安提瓜。与其他岛屿相比，它们的牲畜数量最多，人口也比最初报告的多得多：绵羊和山羊数量高出4至5倍，牛的数量高出1.35倍。因此，拜敌克的成本几乎翻了一番，仅该商品就还需要额外150万美元。
