Gabriel Michael, Taylor Carrie, Burhans Lauren
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Behav Neurosci. 2003 Oct;117(5):912-26. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.117.5.912.
Daily injections of cocaine administered to pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) throughout gestation were associated with neural and behavioral changes during development and in adulthood, including altered neuron structure and function in areas receiving dopaminergic projections and retarded Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning with low-salient conditional stimuli. Studies of discriminative avoidance learning have shown changes in learning-related cingulothalamic neuronal activity, but no behavioral learning impairment in cocaine-exposed offspring. Here, low-salient stimuli were used during discriminative avoidance conditioning. Impairments early in behavioral acquisition were found, as well as alterations of anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortical, medial dorsal thalamic, and amygdalar neuronal response profiles and learning-related neuronal activity. These results elucidate the neural processes, impaired by prenatal cocaine, that support conditioning with low-salient stimuli.
在整个妊娠期每天给怀孕的兔子（穴兔）注射可卡因，这与发育过程中和成年后的神经及行为变化有关，包括接受多巴胺能投射区域的神经元结构和功能改变，以及在低显著性条件刺激下巴甫洛夫眨眼条件反射延迟。辨别性回避学习研究表明，可卡因暴露后代的学习相关扣带丘脑神经元活动有变化，但行为学习未受损。在此，在辨别性回避条件反射过程中使用了低显著性刺激。研究发现行为习得早期存在损伤，以及前扣带回和内侧前额叶皮质、内侧背侧丘脑和杏仁核的神经元反应特征及学习相关神经元活动发生改变。这些结果阐明了产前可卡因损害的、支持低显著性刺激条件反射的神经过程。
