Matulef Kimberly, Zagotta William N
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2003;19:23-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.110701.154854.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels were first discovered in rod photoreceptors, where they are responsible for the primary electrical signal of the photoreceptor in response to light. CNG channels are highly specialized membrane proteins that open an ion-permeable pore across the membrane in response to the direct binding of intracellular cyclic nucleotides. CNG channels have been identified in a number of other tissues, including the brain, where their roles are only beginning to be appreciated. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their functional specializations. From these studies, a picture is beginning to emerge for how the binding of cyclic nucleotide is transduced into the opening of the pore and how this allosteric transition is modulated by various physiological effectors.
环核苷酸门控（CNG）离子通道最初是在视杆光感受器中发现的，它们负责光感受器对光的主要电信号。CNG通道是高度特化的膜蛋白，可响应细胞内环核苷酸的直接结合而在膜上打开一个离子通透孔。在包括大脑在内的许多其他组织中也发现了CNG通道，但其作用才刚刚开始被认识。最近，在理解其功能特化背后的分子机制方面取得了重大进展。从这些研究中，关于环核苷酸的结合如何转化为孔的开放以及这种变构转变如何被各种生理效应器调节的情况开始浮现。
