Zik Moriyah, Irish Vivian F
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2003;19:119-40. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.134635.
Flowering is one of the most intensively studied processes in plant development. Despite the wide diversity in floral forms, flowers have a simple stereotypical architecture. Flowers develop from florally determined meristems. These small populations of cells proliferate to form the floral organs, including the sterile outer organs, the sepals and petals, and the inner reproductive organs, the stamens and carpels. In the past decade, analyses of key flowering genes have been carried out primarily in Arabidopsis and have provided a foundation for understanding the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms controlling different aspects of floral development. Such studies have illuminated the transcriptional cascades responsible for the regulation of these key genes, as well as how these genes effect their functions. In turn, these studies have resulted in the refinement of the original ideas of how flowers develop and have indicated the gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed.
开花是植物发育过程中研究最为深入的过程之一。尽管花的形态多种多样，但花朵具有简单的定型结构。花由花决定的分生组织发育而来。这些少量的细胞增殖形成花器官，包括不育的外部器官萼片和花瓣，以及内部生殖器官雄蕊和心皮。在过去十年中，主要在拟南芥中对关键开花基因进行了分析，为理解控制花发育不同方面的潜在分子遗传机制奠定了基础。此类研究阐明了负责调控这些关键基因的转录级联反应，以及这些基因如何发挥其功能。反过来，这些研究完善了关于花如何发育的最初观点，并指出了我们知识中需要解决的空白。
