McNeil Paul L, Steinhardt Richard A
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2003;19:697-731. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140101.
Many metazoan cells inhabit mechanically stressful environments and, consequently, their plasma membranes are frequently disrupted. Survival requires that the cell rapidly repair or reseal the disruption. Rapid resealing is an active and complex structural modification that employs endomembrane as its primary building block, and cytoskeletal and membrane fusion proteins as its catalysts. Endomembrane is delivered to the damaged plasma membrane through exocytosis, a ubiquitous Ca2+-triggered response to disruption. Tissue and cell level architecture prevent disruptions from occurring, either by shielding cells from damaging levels of force, or, when this is not possible, by promoting safe force transmission through the plasma membrane via protein-based cables and linkages. Prevention of disruption also can be a dynamic cell or tissue level adaptation triggered when a damaging level of mechanical stress is imposed. Disease results from failure of either the preventive or resealing mechanisms.
许多后生动物细胞栖息于机械应力环境中，因此，它们的质膜经常受到破坏。细胞要存活就需要迅速修复或封闭这种破坏。快速封闭是一种活跃且复杂的结构修饰，它以内膜为主要构建模块，以细胞骨架和膜融合蛋白为催化剂。内膜通过胞吐作用被输送到受损的质膜，这是一种对破坏的普遍的Ca2+触发反应。组织和细胞水平的结构可防止破坏的发生，要么通过保护细胞免受损伤性力的影响，要么在无法做到这一点时，通过基于蛋白质的电缆和连接促进安全的力通过质膜传递。当施加损伤性水平的机械应力时，预防破坏也可以是一种动态的细胞或组织水平的适应。疾病是由预防或封闭机制的失效导致的。
