Bartels M, Hudziak J J, van den Oord E J C G, van Beijsterveldt C E M, Rietveld M J H, Boomsma D I
Dept. of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Behav Genet. 2003 Sep;33(5):607-21. doi: 10.1023/a:1025787019702.
Aggressive Behavior (AGG) and Rule-Breaking Behavior (RB) are two of the eight CBCL syndromes. The phenotypic correlation between AGG and RB ranges from.48 to.76, and varies depending on the rater and the sex of the child. Prevalence of AGG and RB (i.e., T > or = 67) is in the range of 6%-7% in both boys and girls. Fifty percent to 60% of the children who are deviant on AGG are also deviant on RB and vice versa. Why so many children show problem behavior in the clinical range for both syndromes is unclear. This co-occurrence could be due to genetic factors influencing both traits, to environmental factors influencing both traits, or to both. The purpose of this study is to use a genetically informative sample to estimate genetic and environmental influences on AGG and RB and to investigate the etiology of the co-occurrence of both behaviors. We do this using multiple informants to take into account underlying sources of parental agreement and disagreement in ratings of their offspring. To this end, mother and father ratings of AGG and RB were collected by using the Child Behavior Checklist in a large sample of 12-year-old twins. Parental agreement is represented by an interparent correlation in the range of .53-.76, depending on phenotype (AGG or RB) and sex of the child. Genetic influences account for 79% and 69% of the individual differences in RB and AGG behavior (defined as AGG and RB on which both parents do agree) in boys. In girls 56% and 72% of the variance in RB and AGG are accounted for by genetic factors. Shared environmental influences are significant for RB in girls only, explaining 23% of the total variance. Eighty percent of the covariance between AGG and RB, similarly assessed by both parents, can be explained by genetic influences. So, co-occurrence in AGG and RB is mainly caused by a common set of genes. Parental disagreement seems to be a combination of so-called rater bias and of parental specific views.
攻击性行为（AGG）和违规行为（RB）是儿童行为检查表（CBCL）的八项综合征中的两项。AGG与RB之间的表型相关性在0.48至0.76之间，并且会因评估者和儿童性别而异。AGG和RB（即T≥67）在男孩和女孩中的患病率均在6%-7%的范围内。在AGG方面表现异常的儿童中有50%至60%在RB方面也表现异常，反之亦然。尚不清楚为何如此多的儿童在这两种综合征的临床范围内都表现出问题行为。这种共现可能是由于影响这两种特质的遗传因素、影响这两种特质的环境因素，或者两者兼而有之。本研究的目的是使用一个具有遗传信息的样本，来估计遗传和环境对AGG和RB的影响，并探究这两种行为共现的病因。我们通过使用多名信息提供者来做到这一点，以考虑父母在对其子女评分时意见一致和不一致的潜在原因。为此，在一大群12岁双胞胎样本中，通过使用儿童行为检查表收集了父母对AGG和RB的评分。父母之间的一致性表现为父母间相关性在0.53至0.76之间，这取决于表型（AGG或RB）和儿童性别。在男孩中，遗传影响分别占RB和AGG行为个体差异（定义为父母双方意见一致的AGG和RB）的79%和69%。在女孩中，遗传因素分别占RB和AGG变异的56%和72%。共享环境影响仅对女孩的RB有显著影响，解释了总变异的23%。父母双方类似评估的AGG和RB之间80%的协方差可以由遗传影响来解释。因此，AGG和RB的共现主要是由一组共同的基因引起的。父母意见不一致似乎是所谓评估者偏差和父母特定观点的结合。
