Andreotti Peter E, Ludwig George V, Peruski Anne Harwood, Tuite James J, Morse Stephen S, Peruski Leonard F
ASD Biosystems, Richmond, VA, USA.
Biotechniques. 2003 Oct;35(4):850-9. doi: 10.2144/03354ss02.
Immunoassays have evolved for a broad range of applications since the pioneering work of Yalow and Berson who developed the first competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human insulin in 1959. Immunoassay detection of specific antigens and host-produced antibodies directed against such antigens consitutes one of the most widely used and successful methods for diagnosing infectious diseases (IDs). The number and variety of new assay systems that are continually being developed reflect the increasing demand for immunoassays possessing greater sensitivity, speed, and ease of use. This trend has been driven, in part, by the need for improved immunodiagnostic systems to perform rapid testing and counter emerging IDs and biothreat (BT) agents. Another factor driving this trend is the need to integrate immunoassays with more sensitive nucleic acid-based methods for a comprehensive approach. Here we examine the development of immunoassays, some of the key formats used for the detection and identification of BT/ID agents, and the application of these technologies under different scenarios.
自1959年Yalow和Berson开创性地开发出第一种用于人胰岛素的竞争性放射免疫分析（RIA）以来，免疫分析已在广泛的应用中得到了发展。免疫分析检测特定抗原以及针对此类抗原的宿主产生的抗体，是诊断传染病（ID）最广泛使用且成功的方法之一。不断开发的新检测系统的数量和种类反映出对具有更高灵敏度、速度和易用性的免疫分析的需求不断增加。这一趋势部分是由对改进的免疫诊断系统的需求驱动的，以便进行快速检测并应对新出现的传染病和生物威胁（BT）制剂。推动这一趋势的另一个因素是需要将免疫分析与更灵敏的基于核酸的方法相结合，以实现综合检测。在这里，我们将研究免疫分析的发展、用于检测和识别生物威胁/传染病制剂的一些关键形式，以及这些技术在不同场景下的应用。
