Ivnitski Dmitri, O'Neil Daniel J, Gattuso Anthony, Schlicht Roger, Calidonna Michael, Fisher Rodney
Institute for Engineering Research and Applications, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 901 University Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4339, USA.
Biotechniques. 2003 Oct;35(4):862-9. doi: 10.2144/03354ss03.
Biological warfare agents are the most problematic of the weapons of mass destruction and terror. Both civilian and military sources predict that over the next decade the threat from proliferation of these agents will increase significantly. In this review we summarize the state of the art in detection and identification of biological threat agents based on PCR technology with emphasis on the new technology of microarrays. The advantages and limitations of real-time PCR technology and a review of the literature as it applies to pathogen and virus detection are presented. The paper covers a number of issues related to the challenges facing biological threat agent detection technologies and identifies critical components that must be overcome for the emergence of reliable PCR-based DNA technologies as bioterrorism countermeasures and for environmental applications. The review evaluates various system components developed for an integrated DNA microchip and the potential applications of the next generation of fully automated DNA analyzers with integrated sample preparation and biosensing elements. The article also reviews promising devices and technologies that are near to being, or have been, commercialized.
生物战剂是大规模杀伤性武器和恐怖武器中最具问题的一类。民用和军事方面的消息来源均预测，在未来十年里，这些战剂扩散所带来的威胁将显著增加。在本综述中，我们总结了基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术检测和识别生物威胁战剂的技术现状，重点介绍了微阵列新技术。文中阐述了实时PCR技术的优缺点，并对其在病原体和病毒检测方面的文献进行了综述。本文涵盖了与生物威胁战剂检测技术所面临挑战相关的若干问题，并确定了要使可靠的基于PCR的DNA技术作为生物恐怖主义应对措施以及用于环境应用而出现必须克服的关键因素。该综述评估了为集成DNA微芯片开发的各种系统组件，以及具有集成样品制备和生物传感元件的下一代全自动DNA分析仪的潜在应用。本文还综述了即将或已经商业化的有前景的设备和技术。
