Gender differences in depression and anxiety among alcoholics.

Recent research suggests that psychopathology, in particular depression and anxiety, differentially affects the substance abuse treatment response of men and women. This study explores the relationship between global psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and alcoholism treatment outcome. These variables were assessed in a sample of 507 (373 men; 134 women) substance abuse clients at intake and at a 6-month follow-up. With the exception of alcohol dependence, there were significant differences in the levels of alcohol problems, depression, anxiety, and global psychopathology for men and women at both intake and follow-up. For the whole sample and for men, initial levels of alcohol problems and alcohol dependence were the best predictors of alcohol problems at follow-up. For women, the initial levels of alcohol dependence and a global measure of psychological functioning were predictive of outcome at follow-up. These findings are compared with past research, and suggestions for further investigation are proposed.