Bytomski Jeffrey R, Squire Deborah L
Duke University Medical Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Box 3675, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2003 Dec;2(6):320-4. doi: 10.1249/00149619-200312000-00007.
With an increasing number of children and adolescents involved in competitive athletics throughout the calendar year, the sports medicine team must be familiar with preventing and treating heat-related illness. Heat illness is a spectrum of illnesses from heat cramps to heat stroke. Mortality for heat stroke ranges from 17% to 70%, depending on severity and age of the patient. Children are more susceptible to heat illness than adults for many reasons, including a greater surface area to body mass ratio, lower rate of sweating, and slower rate of acclimatization. The prevention of heat illness is based on recognizing and modifying risk factors, which include environmental conditions, clothing, hydration, and acclimatization. Once heat illness is suspected, treatment should begin immediately with rapid cooling procedures started on the field.
随着全年参与竞技体育的儿童和青少年数量不断增加，运动医学团队必须熟悉预防和治疗与热相关的疾病。热相关疾病是一个范围，从热痉挛到中暑。中暑的死亡率在17%至70%之间，具体取决于患者的严重程度和年龄。儿童比成人更容易患热相关疾病，原因有很多，包括体表面积与体重的比例更大、出汗率较低以及适应环境的速度较慢。预防热相关疾病基于识别和改变风险因素，这些因素包括环境条件、衣物、水合作用和适应环境。一旦怀疑出现热相关疾病，应立即开始治疗，在现场启动快速降温程序。
