Al Yaqout Anwar F
Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
Waste Manag. 2003;23(9):817-24. doi: 10.1016/S0956-053X(03)00036-9.
Municipal solid waste disposal sites in arid countries such as Kuwait receive various types of waste materials like sewage sludge, chemical waste and other debris. Large amounts of leachate are expected to be generated due to the improper disposal of industrial wastewater, sewage sludge and chemical wastes with municipal solid waste at landfill sites even though the rainwater is scarce. Almost 95% of all solid waste generated in Kuwait during the last 10 years was dumped in five unlined landfills. The sites accepting liquid waste consist of old sand quarries that do not follow any specific engineering guidelines. With the current practice, contamination of the ground water table is possible due to the close location of the water table beneath the bottom of the waste disposal sites. This study determined the percentage of industrial liquid waste and sludge of the total waste dumped at the landfill sites, analyzed the chemical characteristics of liquid waste stream and contaminated water at disposal sites, and finally evaluated the possible risk posed by the continuous dumping of such wastes at the unlined landfills. Statistical analysis has been performed on the disposal and characterization of industrial wastewater and sludge at five active landfill sites. The chemical analysis shows that all the industrial wastes and sludge have high concentrations of COD, suspended solids, and heavy metals. Results show that from 1993 to 2000, 5.14+/-1.13 million t of total wastes were disposed per year in all active landfill sites in Kuwait. The share of industrial liquid and sludge waste was 1.85+/-0.19 million t representing 37.22+/-6.85% of total waste disposed in all landfill sites. Such wastes contribute to landfill leachate which pollutes groundwater and may enter the food chain causing adverse health effects. Lined evaporation ponds are suggested as an economical and safe solution for industrial wastewater and sludge disposal in the arid climate of Kuwait.
在科威特等干旱国家，城市固体废弃物处理场接收各种类型的废料，如污水污泥、化学废料及其他残渣。尽管雨水稀少，但由于工业废水、污水污泥和化学废料与城市固体废弃物在垃圾填埋场处置不当，预计会产生大量渗滤液。在过去十年中，科威特产生的所有固体废弃物中，近95%被倾倒在五个无衬里的垃圾填埋场。接收液体废料的场地是旧砂矿，未遵循任何特定的工程准则。按照目前的做法，由于垃圾处理场底部下方地下水位位置较近，有可能导致地下水位受到污染。本研究确定了倾倒在垃圾填埋场的工业液体废料和污泥在总废料中所占的百分比，分析了处置场液体废物流和受污染水的化学特性，最后评估了在无衬里垃圾填埋场持续倾倒此类废料可能带来的风险。对五个活跃垃圾填埋场的工业废水和污泥的处置及特性进行了统计分析。化学分析表明，所有工业废料和污泥的化学需氧量、悬浮固体和重金属浓度都很高。结果显示，1993年至2000年期间，科威特所有活跃垃圾填埋场每年处置的总废料为514±113万吨。工业液体和污泥废料的份额为185±19万吨，占所有垃圾填埋场处置总废料的37.22±6.85%。此类废料导致垃圾渗滤液污染地下水，并可能进入食物链，对健康产生不利影响。建议采用有衬里的蒸发池作为在科威特干旱气候下处置工业废水和污泥的经济且安全的解决方案。
