Piasecki Thomas M, Jorenby Douglas E, Smith Stevens S, Fiore Michael C, Baker Timothy B
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Nov;11(4):276-85. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.11.4.276.
Five parameters of postcessation smoking withdrawal variability derived from clinical data (T. M. Piasecki, D. E. Jorenby, S. S. Smith, M. C. Fiore, & T. B. Baker, 2003a, 2003b) were predicted from baseline measures and pharmacotherapy assignment. Smokers who were more dependent, older, and high in negative affect reported more severe withdrawal. Women, heavier smokers, and those with a history of depression reported more variable symptoms. Smokers treated with nicotine patch, bupropion, or both reported less severe withdrawal than did those given placebo, but medication did not affect the slope of symptoms over time, day-to-day variability of symptoms, or the size of acute changes in symptoms associated with lapses to smoking. Prior research has shown that these symptom facets predict later relapse: thus, current pharmacotherapies may aid cessation by diminishing withdrawal severity, but they do not affect all clinically important aspects of withdrawal.
根据临床数据（T.M.皮亚塞cki、D.E.乔伦比、S.S.史密斯、M.C.菲奥里和T.B.贝克，2003a，2003b）得出的戒烟后戒断变异性的五个参数，是根据基线测量和药物治疗分配情况预测出来的。依赖性更强、年龄更大且消极情绪较高的吸烟者报告的戒断症状更严重。女性、吸烟量更大的吸烟者以及有抑郁症病史的吸烟者报告的症状变异性更大。接受尼古丁贴片、安非他酮或两者治疗的吸烟者报告的戒断症状比接受安慰剂治疗的吸烟者轻，但药物治疗并未影响症状随时间变化的斜率、症状的每日变异性，或与复吸相关症状的急性变化程度。先前的研究表明，这些症状方面可预测后期复吸：因此，目前的药物治疗可能通过减轻戒断严重程度来帮助戒烟，但它们不会影响戒断的所有临床重要方面。
