Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN.
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Apr 17;21(5):617-622. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty071.
Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood.
Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period.
A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers.
Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology.
We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.
有证据表明，月经周期阶段对吸烟戒断症状和渴望有影响。压力会增加这些症状。压力调节机制是否与月经周期和戒断症状有关尚不清楚。
37 名女性吸烟者和 16 名女性非吸烟者被要求完成一个实验室会议。在每个组中，大约一半的参与者在卵泡期进行测试，另一半在黄体期进行测试。会议包括休息基础期、压力期和恢复期。在每个时期结束时收集唾液样本，以测量皮质醇和主观的渴望和戒断症状。
一系列重复测量的协方差分析发现，皮质醇水平存在显著的吸烟组×月经周期×采样时间的相互作用（p<.05）。后续分析表明，与卵泡期相比，吸烟者黄体期的皮质醇应激反应降低（p<.02）。在非吸烟者中没有发现这种差异。
月经周期阶段与荷尔蒙应激反应和吸烟戒断症状有关。
我们展示了月经周期阶段对吸烟者应激反应的影响。这是通过在黄体期，相对于卵泡期，吸烟者的皮质醇对压力的反应降低来证明的。在非吸烟者中没有发现这种月经周期差异。
