Krebs Dennis L
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Psychol Bull. 2003 Nov;129(6):842-7. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.842.
Six misconceptions about evolutionary approaches to human behavior are exposed. Evidence is adduced to support the assertions that evolutionary approaches do not (a) adopt a reductionistic "gene-centered" level of analysis, (b) assume that natural selection is the only process that creates and designs ontogenetic processes and phenotypic outcomes, (c) assume that genes are the only agents responsible for the transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic traits and characteristics, (d) assume that genes are self-contained and impervious to extragenetic influences, (e) posit a strong form of genetic determinism, or (f) pay lip service to the role of the environment. Building straw men and knocking them down is an inherently destructive enterprise; integrating different approaches is a more constructive way of contributing to the growth of knowledge.
关于人类行为进化方法的六个误解被揭示出来。文中列举了证据来支持以下观点：进化方法并非（a）采用还原论的“以基因为中心”的分析层面；（b）假定自然选择是创造和设计个体发育过程及表型结果的唯一过程；（c）假定基因是负责表型特征和特性跨代遗传的唯一因素；（d）假定基因是独立存在且不受基因外影响的；（e）主张一种强硬形式的基因决定论；或（f）只是口头上承认环境的作用。构建稻草人然后将其打倒本质上是一项破坏性的事业；整合不同方法是为知识增长做出贡献的更具建设性的方式。
