Lickliter Robert
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199.
New Ideas Psychol. 2008 Dec;26(3):353-369. doi: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.07.015.
Evolution has come to be increasingly discussed in terms of changes in developmental processes rather than simply in terms of changes in gene frequencies. This shift is based in large part on the recognition that since all phenotypic traits arise during ontogeny as products of individual development, a primary basis for evolutionary change must be variations in the patterns and processes of development. Further, the products of development are epigenetic, not just genetic, and this is the case even when considering the evolutionary process. These insights have led investigators to reconsider the established notion of genes as the primary cause of development, opening the door to research programs focused on identifying how genetic and non-genetic factors coact to guide and constrain the process of development and its outcomes. I explore this growth of developmental thought and its implications for the achievement of a unified theory of heredity, development, and evolution and consider its implications for the realization of a new, developmentally-based evolutionary psychology.
如今，人们越来越多地从发育过程的变化而非仅仅从基因频率的变化来讨论进化。这种转变在很大程度上基于这样一种认识：由于所有表型性状都是在个体发育过程中作为个体发育的产物出现的，进化变化的一个主要基础必然是发育模式和过程的变异。此外，发育的产物是表观遗传的，而不仅仅是遗传的，即使在考虑进化过程时也是如此。这些见解促使研究人员重新审视基因是发育主要原因这一既定观念，为专注于确定遗传和非遗传因素如何共同作用以指导和限制发育过程及其结果的研究项目打开了大门。我探讨了这种发育思想的发展及其对实现遗传、发育和进化统一理论的影响，并考虑了其对实现一种新的、基于发育的进化心理学的影响。
