Lee I-Min
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Nov;35(11):1823-7. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000093620.27893.23.
The aim of this paper is to examine whether physical activity plays any role in the prevention of cancer.
To accomplish this, data from published epidemiologic studies on the relation between physical activity and the risk of developing cancer were reviewed.
The data are clear in showing that physically active men and women have about a 30-40% reduction in the risk of developing colon cancer, compared with inactive persons. Although the data are sparse, it appears that 30-60 min.d(-1) of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity is needed to decrease risk. There is a dose-response relation, with risk declining further at higher levels of physical activity. It is also clear that physical activity is not associated with the risk of developing rectal cancer. With regard to breast cancer, there is reasonably clear evidence that physically active women have about a 20-30% reduction in risk, compared with inactive women. It also appears that 30-60 min.d(-1) of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity is needed to decrease the risk of breast cancer, and that there is likely a dose-response relation. For prostate cancer, the data are inconsistent regarding whether physical activity plays any role in the prevention of this cancer. There are relatively few studies on physical activity and lung cancer prevention. The available data suggest that physically active individuals have a lower risk of lung cancer; however, it is difficult to completely account for cigarette smoking. There is little information on the role of physical activity in preventing other cancers.
Physical activity is associated with lower risk of developing certain site-specific cancers, in particular colon and breast cancers.
本文旨在研究身体活动在癌症预防中是否发挥作用。
为实现这一目的，我们回顾了已发表的关于身体活动与患癌风险关系的流行病学研究数据。
数据清楚地表明，与不活动的人相比，积极进行身体活动的男性和女性患结肠癌的风险降低约30%-40%。尽管数据有限，但似乎需要每天进行30-60分钟中等至高强度的身体活动才能降低风险。存在剂量反应关系，身体活动水平越高，风险进一步降低。同样清楚的是，身体活动与患直肠癌的风险无关。关于乳腺癌，有相当明确的证据表明，与不活动的女性相比，积极进行身体活动的女性患癌风险降低约20%-30%。似乎也需要每天进行30-60分钟中等至高强度的身体活动来降低患乳腺癌的风险，并且可能存在剂量反应关系。对于前列腺癌，关于身体活动在预防这种癌症中是否发挥作用的数据并不一致。关于身体活动与肺癌预防的研究相对较少。现有数据表明，积极进行身体活动的个体患肺癌的风险较低；然而，很难完全排除吸烟的影响。关于身体活动在预防其他癌症中的作用几乎没有相关信息。
身体活动与某些特定部位癌症（特别是结肠癌和乳腺癌）的较低发病风险相关。
