Regidor E, Iñigo J, Sendra J M, Gutiérrez-Fisac J L
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid.
Med Clin (Barc). 1992 Dec 5;99(19):725-8.
Most mortality in developed countries is attributable to chronic non transmittable diseases, many of which are theoretically susceptible to prevention. The tendency of mortality by the principal chronic diseases in Spain is reviewed with different prevention strategies of the same being discussed.
The 9 chronic diseases which presented the highest mortality rate in Spain in 1988 are included. The rates of mortality, adjusted by age/year in males and females was calculated from the data of deaths by age, sex and cause of death from death statistics. Moreover, the percentage of the mean annual change of these during the periods 1975-1981 and 1982-1988 have also been calculated.
Except for mortality by malignant tumor of the colon and rectum, malignant lung tumor in males and malignant breast tumors in women, which had an increase, the remaining diseases in the adjusted mortality rate by age decreased between 1975-1988.
Among the diseases in which the rate of mortality has increased there is only that of malignant lung tumors for which one factor has consistently been identified as responsible for this increase, that being smoking. The possible influence of the control of arterial hypertension in the decrease in mortality of cerebrovascular disease must be emphasized. Moreover, the impact which the ninth review of the International Disease Classification had in the reduction in mortality by chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma must also be pointed out.
在发达国家，大多数死亡归因于慢性非传染性疾病，其中许多理论上易于预防。本文回顾了西班牙主要慢性病的死亡率趋势，并讨论了针对这些疾病的不同预防策略。
纳入了1988年在西班牙死亡率最高的9种慢性病。根据死亡统计中按年龄、性别和死因分类的死亡数据，计算了男性和女性按年龄/年份调整后的死亡率。此外，还计算了这些疾病在1975 - 1981年和1982 - 1988年期间的年均变化百分比。
除结肠直肠癌、男性肺癌和女性乳腺癌的死亡率有所上升外，1975 - 1988年期间，其余疾病的年龄调整死亡率均有所下降。
在死亡率上升的疾病中，只有肺癌，吸烟一直被认为是导致其死亡率上升的一个因素。必须强调控制动脉高血压对降低脑血管疾病死亡率的可能影响。此外，还必须指出国际疾病分类第九次修订对降低慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘死亡率的影响。
