Ring Johannes, Rakoski Jürgen
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2003 Oct;97(7):475-8.
Quality control in education and training in allergology comprises activities at the different levels of the curriculum of medical schools, residency programs and postgraduate education. Unfortunately, until now allergology in Germany has not yet been regularly embedded in the medical curriculum of all medical schools. Therefore, the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAI) has demanded for years that chairs and departments of allergology be introduced at every Medical Faculty in Germany. The new Medical Licensure Rules (Approbationsordnung) offer the possibility to select allergology, amongst others, as an obligatory subject in the medical state examination. Furthermore, allergological topics can now be introduced into the newly established interdisciplinary fields (Querschnittsbereiche). At the level of residency training, doctors who want to become allergists have to undergo a special curriculum in the field of allergology, formerly called additional specialisation in allergology (Zusatzbezeichnung) after having finished their board examination in an organ-related specialty subject. Following a decision of the German "Arztetag" in May 2003, this 24-months curriculum has unfortunately been reduced to 18 months. 12 months of this 18 months requirement may be fulfilled during a residency programme in either dermatovenerology, otolaryngology, internal medicine, pulmology and/or paediatrics. Compared to previous years, this results in a drastic deterioration of allergy training in Germany. The DGAI has decided to take up the fight for its improvement in both a quantitative and qualitative respect. The crucial issue is to develop quality criteria for persons as well as institutions eligible as training centres in allergology. As regards post-graduate education, the German Academy of Allergology and Environmental Medicine (Deutsche Akademie für Allergie und Umweltmedizin, DAAU) has introduced a system of certified continuing medical education (CME), which has been widely accepted in Germany. CME credit points are awarded in co-operation with the regional physicians' chambers ("Landesärztekammer"). Quality control in allergology has to be re-enforced and improved at all levels of medical curricula, training programmes and post-graduate education in order to achieve sustainable improvements in patient care for the large number of people in Germany suffering from allergies.
过敏学教育与培训中的质量控制涵盖医学院校课程、住院医师培训项目以及研究生教育等不同层面的活动。遗憾的是，直至如今，德国的过敏学尚未常规性地融入所有医学院校的医学课程体系。因此，德国过敏学与临床免疫学会（DGAI）多年来一直要求在德国的每所医学院设立过敏学教研室和系。新的《医师执照规则》（Approbationsordnung）使得在医学国家考试中，除其他科目外，可选择过敏学作为必修科目。此外，过敏学主题如今可引入新设立的跨学科领域（Querschnittsbereiche）。在住院医师培训层面，想要成为过敏科医生的医生在完成与器官相关的专科科目资格考试后，必须接受过敏学领域的特殊课程培训，该课程以前称为过敏学附加专科培训（Zusatzbezeichnung）。不幸的是，根据德国2003年5月“医师大会”（Arztetag）的一项决定，这一为期24个月的课程已缩减至18个月。这18个月要求中的12个月可在皮肤病与性病学、耳鼻喉科、内科、肺病学和/或儿科学的住院医师培训项目期间完成。与前些年相比，这导致德国过敏学培训质量大幅下降。DGAI已决定在数量和质量方面为改善这一状况而展开斗争。关键问题在于制定针对有资格成为过敏学培训中心的人员和机构的质量标准。在研究生教育方面，德国过敏学与环境医学学会（Deutsche Akademie für Allergie und Umweltmedizin，DAAU）引入了认证继续医学教育（CME）体系，该体系在德国已被广泛接受。CME学分是与地区医师协会（“Landesärztekammer”）合作授予的。为了使德国众多过敏患者的医疗护理实现可持续改善，必须在医学课程、培训项目和研究生教育的各个层面重新加强和改进过敏学的质量控制。
