Trémeau F, Darreye A, Leroy B, Renckly V, Ertlé S, Weibel H, Khidichian F, Macher J-P
Formation et Recherche en Neurosciences Appliquées à la Psychiatrie.
Encephale. 2003 Jul-Aug;29(4 Pt 1):285-92.
Personality disorders and particularly antisocial personality disorders (APD) are quite frequent in opioid-dependent subjects. They show various personality traits: high neuroticism, high impulsivity, higher extraversion than the general population. Previous studies have reported that some but not all personality traits improved with treatment. In a previous study, we found a low rate of APD in a French population of opioid-dependent subjects. For this reason, we evaluated personality traits at intake and during maintenance treatment with methadone. Methods - The form A of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) was given to opioid addicts at intake and after 6 and 12 months of methadone treatment. Results - 134 subjects (96 males and 38 females) took the test at intake, 60 completed 12 months of treatment. After 12 months, the EPI Neuroticism (N) and the Extraversion-introversion (E) scale scores decreased significantly. The N score improved in the first 6 months, while the E score improved only during the second 6 months of treatment. Compared to a reference group of French normal controls, male and female opioid addicts showed high N and E scores. Demographic data and EPI scores of patients who stayed in treatment for 12 months did not differ significantly from those of dropouts (n=23). Patients with a history of suicide attempts (SA) started to use heroin at an earlier age and they showed a higher E score and a tendency for a higher N score at intake. Discussion - The two personality dimensions of the EPI changed during MMT, and the N score converged towards the score of normal controls. Opioid addicts differ from normal controls mostly in their N score. The EPI did not help to differentiate 12-month completers from dropouts. Higher E scores in patients with an SA history might reflect a higher impulsivity, which has been linked to suicidality in other patient groups.
人格障碍尤其是反社会人格障碍（APD）在阿片类药物依赖者中相当常见。他们表现出各种人格特质：高神经质、高冲动性、外向性高于普通人群。先前的研究报告称，部分而非所有人格特质会随着治疗而改善。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现法国阿片类药物依赖人群中APD的发生率较低。因此，我们评估了入组时以及美沙酮维持治疗期间的人格特质。方法——在入组时以及美沙酮治疗6个月和12个月后，对阿片类药物成瘾者进行艾森克人格问卷（EPI）A 式测试。结果——134名受试者（96名男性和38名女性）在入组时接受了测试，60人完成了12个月的治疗。12个月后，EPI神经质（N）量表和外向-内向（E）量表得分显著下降。N得分在前6个月有所改善，而E得分仅在治疗的后6个月有所改善。与法国正常对照组相比，男性和女性阿片类药物成瘾者的N和E得分较高。接受12个月治疗的患者的人口统计学数据和EPI得分与退出者（n = 23）相比无显著差异。有自杀未遂（SA）史的患者开始使用海洛因的年龄较早，他们在入组时的E得分较高且有N得分更高的趋势。讨论——EPI的两个人格维度在美沙酮维持治疗期间发生了变化，N得分趋向于正常对照组的得分。阿片类药物成瘾者与正常对照组的主要差异在于他们的N得分。EPI无助于区分完成12个月治疗者和退出者。有SA史的患者较高的E得分可能反映出较高的冲动性，这在其他患者群体中与自杀倾向有关。
