Hengge U R, Cusini M
Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Br J Dermatol. 2003 Nov;149 Suppl 66:15-9. doi: 10.1046/j.0366-077x.2003.05623.x.
Topical immunomodulators (TIMs) include both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive agents. Newer immunostimulatory compounds such as imidazoquinolines (e.g. imiquimod) act by cytokine secretion from monocytes/macrophages (interferon-alpha, interleukin-12, tumour-necrosis factor-alpha), leading to a Th1-dominance and cell-mediated immunity. This immune milieu has been clinically used to treat viral infections such as human papillomavirus (condyloma and common warts), herpes simplex virus and mollusca in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients.
局部免疫调节剂（TIMs）包括免疫刺激剂和免疫抑制剂。新型免疫刺激化合物如咪唑喹啉类（如咪喹莫特）通过单核细胞/巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子（α干扰素、白细胞介素-12、肿瘤坏死因子-α）发挥作用，导致Th1优势和细胞介导的免疫。这种免疫环境已在临床上用于治疗免疫功能正常和免疫抑制患者的病毒感染，如人乳头瘤病毒（尖锐湿疣和寻常疣）、单纯疱疹病毒和传染性软疣。
