Fraiberg Selma
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2003 Oct;52(8):560-77.
A group of pathological defenses has been observed in infants between three and eighteen months of age who have experienced danger and deprivation to an extreme degree. The early defenses, "avoidance", "freezing", and "fighting", are apparently summoned from a biological repertoire on the model of "flight or fight". Before there ist an ego, pain ca bei transformed into pleasure of obliterated from consciousness while a symptom stands in place of the original conflict.
在三到十八个月大的婴儿中观察到了一组病理防御机制，这些婴儿经历了极度的危险和剥夺。早期的防御机制，如“回避”“僵住”和“抗争”，显然是从以“逃跑或战斗”为模式的生物行为库中调用的。在自我形成之前，疼痛可以转化为愉悦或从意识中消除，而症状则替代了最初的冲突。
