Upshur R E G, Colak Errol
Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Theor Med Bioeth. 2003;24(4):283-99. doi: 10.1023/a:1026006801902.
This essay explores the role of informal logic and its application in the context of current debates regarding evidence-based medicine. This aim is achieved through a discussion of the goals and objectives of evidence-based medicine and a review of the criticisms raised against evidence-based medicine. The contributions to informal logic by Stephen Toulmin and Douglas Walton are explicated and their relevance for evidence-based medicine is discussed in relation to a common clinical scenario: hypertension management. This essay concludes with a discussion on the relationship between clinical reasoning, rationality, and evidence. It is argued that informal logic has the virtue of bringing explicitness to the role of evidence in clinical reasoning, and brings sensitivity to understanding the role of dialogical context in the need for evidence in clinical decision making.
本文探讨了非形式逻辑的作用及其在当前关于循证医学的辩论背景下的应用。这一目标是通过讨论循证医学的目标和宗旨以及对循证医学提出的批评来实现的。阐述了斯蒂芬·图尔敏和道格拉斯·沃尔顿对非形式逻辑的贡献，并结合一个常见的临床场景：高血压管理，讨论了它们与循证医学的相关性。本文最后讨论了临床推理、合理性和证据之间的关系。有人认为，非形式逻辑的优点在于使证据在临床推理中的作用变得明确，并使人们在理解对话语境在临床决策中对证据的需求方面更加敏感。
