Baker D A, Loxdale H D, Edwards O R
School of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Mol Ecol. 2003 Dec;12(12):3303-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02010.x.
The effects of recent colonization on the aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiidae), in Western Australia were investigated. When compared with populations from the Old World, the results of a microsatellite analysis show that the insects have low allelic length and low allele frequency variation, revealing that these individuals experienced a significant founder effect. Marked genetic differentiation between populations was also revealed, which has potentially important implications for host utilization in this species when introduced to a new geographical area(s). Low genetic variation and gene flow in a founder population could limit evolutionary potential in Australia, including the ability of a population to mount a response to newly introduced hosts, such as the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Although the actual importance of genetic diversity in the success of biological control agents is unclear, current theory concerning the potential impact of genetic bottlenecks on additive genetic variance is discussed.
对西澳大利亚近期定殖对蚜虫寄生蜂菜蚜茧蜂（麦金托什）（膜翅目：茧蜂科：蚜茧蜂科）的影响进行了调查。与来自旧大陆的种群相比，微卫星分析结果表明，这些昆虫的等位基因长度低且等位基因频率变异低，这表明这些个体经历了显著的奠基者效应。还揭示了种群之间明显的遗传分化，这对于该物种引入新地理区域时的寄主利用可能具有重要意义。奠基者种群中的低遗传变异和基因流动可能会限制澳大利亚的进化潜力，包括种群对新引入寄主（如俄罗斯小麦蚜虫，麦二叉蚜）做出反应的能力。尽管遗传多样性在生物防治剂成功中的实际重要性尚不清楚，但讨论了当前关于遗传瓶颈对加性遗传方差潜在影响的理论。
