Skitka Linda J
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60617, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2003;7(4):286-97. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_02.
An accessible identity model (AIM) of justice reasoning is introduced to explain when people become concerned about justice and how they define what is fair or unfair once justice concerns are activated. This model has two core propositions: (a) People are most likely to think about justice and fairness when self-relevant values and goals are highly accessible or activated, and (b) how people define fairness depends on which aspect of the self (i.e., material, social, or personal and moral) dominates the working self-concept. A review of the literature indicates that this general model provides an integrative account for when and how people become concerned about both procedural and distributive justice, and provides a cogent explanation for known effects and results previously thought to be anomalies. Finally, the model generates novel hypotheses about how identity threat may lead to motivated perceptions of fairness or unfairness.
本文引入了一种可及身份模型（AIM）来解释人们何时开始关注正义，以及当正义问题被触发后，他们如何界定公平或不公平。该模型有两个核心命题：（a）当与自我相关的价值观和目标高度可及或被激活时，人们最有可能思考正义和公平；（b）人们如何界定公平取决于自我的哪个方面（即物质、社会、或个人与道德）在工作自我概念中占主导地位。对文献的回顾表明，这个通用模型为人们何时以及如何关注程序正义和分配正义提供了一个综合解释，并为之前被认为是异常的已知效应和结果提供了有说服力的解释。最后，该模型就身份威胁如何导致对公平或不公平的动机性认知提出了新的假设。
