Clayton Susan, Opotow Susan
Department of Psychology, The College of Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2003;7(4):298-310. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_03.
Most research on justice has aimed to describe abstract, depersonalized models that could apply to anyone. However, much of this research has involved identity, if only implicitly. We argue that justice needs to be contextualized to take into account the powerful effects of identity in determining when justice matters. The complexity and fluidity of identity need to be considered to understand when, why, and how strongly people care about justice, and how people choose among competing models of justice. We review existing research on distributive, procedural, and inclusionary justice and describe their connection to identity. We illustrate the intersection of justice and identity in environmental issues, a context in which these constructs have significant implications for individual, community, and planetary well-being. We conclude with 4 points to stimulate further research on the intersections of identity and justice.
大多数关于正义的研究旨在描述适用于任何人的抽象、非人格化模型。然而，这类研究大多涉及身份认同，即便只是隐性的。我们认为，正义需要结合具体情境，以考虑身份认同在确定正义何时重要时所产生的强大影响。需要考虑身份认同的复杂性和流动性，以便理解人们何时、为何以及在多大程度上关心正义，以及人们如何在相互竞争的正义模式中做出选择。我们回顾了现有关于分配正义、程序正义和包容性正义的研究，并描述了它们与身份认同的联系。我们举例说明了环境问题中正义与身份认同的交叉点，在这一背景下，这些概念对个人、社区和地球的福祉具有重大影响。我们最后提出四点，以激发对身份认同与正义交叉领域的进一步研究。
