Arber N
Department of Gastroenterology, GI Oncology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, 64239 Tel Aviv, Israel.
Apoptosis. 1999 Oct;4(5):383-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1009651406017.
Cell population homeostasis is a balance between cell proliferation on one hand and the rate of cell loss on the other hand. Normal tissue homeostasis requires the physiological deletion of cells by activation of apoptosis, a genetically determined program of autonomous cell death. ras is most probably the most important oncogene in human cancer. It is mutated in 30% of all tumors especially those of the gastrointestinal tract. In regulating apoptosis ras has many faces. it has both negative and positive effects depending on the stimulation and cell type. The responses of cells to ras signaling depends on the level of Ras expression, the activity of various pathways, and which of the cell cycle check points are functioning. New farnesyl transferase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds may provide a new strategy for novel therapeutic modalities in the treatment of human cancer. The first clinical trials have been initiated, preliminary results are promising, although no firm results are yet available.
细胞群体稳态一方面是细胞增殖与另一方面细胞丢失速率之间的平衡。正常组织稳态需要通过激活凋亡（一种由基因决定的自主细胞死亡程序）来进行细胞的生理性清除。Ras很可能是人类癌症中最重要的癌基因。在所有肿瘤中，有30%发生了Ras突变，尤其是胃肠道肿瘤。在调节凋亡方面，Ras具有多种作用。根据刺激因素和细胞类型的不同，它既有负面影响也有正面影响。细胞对Ras信号的反应取决于Ras的表达水平、各种信号通路的活性以及哪些细胞周期检查点在发挥作用。新型法尼基转移酶抑制剂和非甾体类抗炎化合物可能为人类癌症治疗提供新的治疗策略。首批临床试验已经启动，初步结果很有前景，不过尚未有确凿的结果。
