Meares Russell
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;37(6):689-95. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01256.x.
To draw attention to the absence of a concept of personal existence in standard psychiatric approaches to mental illness.
To sketch a shift in Western consciousness which occurred suddenly before World War I, involving a banishment of such notions as self and the awareness of inner life from the discourse of psychiatry, psychology and philosophy, leaving a fundamental vacancy at the heart of these disciplines.
The positivist-behaviourist hegemony of the twentieth century involved an implicit devaluation of that which is essentially human. The influence of this tradition brings with it the risk of an understanding and treatment of mental illness which leaves out issues at the core of humanity. I suggest we need to recover something of the manner of thinking of the great figures in psychological thought who were writing before the rise of behaviourism and who were contributing to the origins of dynamic psychiatry. A study of the phenomena of human consciousness was central to their work. Main figures mentioned include: Hughlings Jackson, the great neurologist who considered a career in philosophy; Pierre Janet, a philosopher turned psychiatrist; and William James, a physiologist who became a psychologist and philosopher.
提请注意在标准精神病学对精神疾病的研究方法中缺乏个人存在的概念。
概述第一次世界大战前西方意识突然发生的转变，这涉及到从精神病学、心理学和哲学的论述中摒弃自我和内心生活意识等概念，在这些学科的核心留下了一个根本性的空白。
二十世纪实证主义 - 行为主义的霸权涉及对本质上属于人类的事物的隐性贬低。这种传统的影响带来了一种理解和治疗精神疾病的风险，即忽略了人性核心的问题。我认为我们需要重拾行为主义兴起之前那些为动力精神病学的起源做出贡献的心理学思想伟大人物的思维方式。对人类意识现象的研究是他们工作的核心。提到的主要人物包括：伟大的神经学家休林斯·杰克逊，他曾考虑从事哲学事业；从哲学家转变为精神病学家的皮埃尔·雅内；以及从生理学家成为心理学家和哲学家的威廉·詹姆斯。
