Sommer Hartvigsen Merete, Mu Huiling, Sørig Hougaard Karin, Lund Søren Peter, Xu Xuebing, Høy Carl-Erik
BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2004;48(1):16-27. doi: 10.1159/000075081. Epub 2003 Nov 20.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of triacylglycerol (TAG) structure and level of n-3 fatty acids on fatty acid profile of brain phospholipids (PL) of dams and offspring, and the memory and learning ability of the offspring, when administered during initial development of the nervous system.
Pregnant rats were fed experimental diets from the 8th day of pregnancy throughout lactation. After weaning and until 13 weeks of age, the pups were fed the same diet as their dams. The experimental diets contained either a structured oil, a linseed oil, or a fish oil. In the structured oil, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was predominantly located in the SN-2 position of the triacylglycerols and the level of 18:3n-3 was 2 mol or 10 mol%. In the linseed oil diets the level of 18:3n-3 was 2 mol or 10 mol% as well. Finally, the fish oil diet contained 18:3n-3 as well as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 adding up to a total of 2 mol% n-3 fatty acids. The effects of the experimental diets were compared to the effect of a chow diet.
The amount of 22:6n-3 in brain phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl serine (PS) of dams and offspring (3 and 13 weeks of age) was not affected by the six different diets. 18:2n-6, but not 18:3n-3, was detected in brain PL, suggesting a specificity of the tissues in the metabolism of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. The level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased with increasing age of the pups, indicating an enhanced myelinization. No considerable differences between groups were found when memory or learning was tested in the Morris water maze.
The results suggest that extreme diet modifications are needed in order to observe significant effects on the memory and learning ability in rats.
本研究的目的是检测在神经系统发育初期给予三酰甘油（TAG）结构和n-3脂肪酸水平对母鼠及子代脑磷脂（PL）脂肪酸谱以及子代记忆和学习能力的影响。
怀孕大鼠从妊娠第8天开始直至哺乳期都喂食实验性饮食。断奶后直至13周龄，幼崽喂食与母鼠相同的饮食。实验性饮食包含一种结构化油、亚麻籽油或鱼油。在结构化油中，α-亚麻酸（18:3n-3）主要位于三酰甘油的sn-2位，18:3n-3的水平为2摩尔或10摩尔%。在亚麻籽油饮食中，18:3n-3的水平同样为2摩尔或10摩尔%。最后，鱼油饮食包含18:3n-3以及20:5n-3和22:6n-3，n-3脂肪酸总量为2摩尔%。将实验性饮食的效果与普通饮食的效果进行比较。
母鼠及子代（3周和13周龄）脑磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）中22:6n-3的含量不受六种不同饮食的影响。在脑PL中检测到18:2n-6，但未检测到18:3n-3，这表明n-3和n-6脂肪酸代谢存在组织特异性。随着幼崽年龄增长，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）水平升高，表明髓鞘形成增强。在莫里斯水迷宫中测试记忆或学习能力时，各实验组之间未发现显著差异。
结果表明，为了观察到对大鼠记忆和学习能力的显著影响，需要进行极端的饮食调整。
