Yang Wu-Yun, Yu Yi, Zhang Yong, Hu Xiao-Rong, Wang Yu, Zhou Yu-Chen, Lu Bao-Rong
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
Hereditas. 2003;139(1):49-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2003.01671.x.
Stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases for wheat crops in China. Two stripe rust physiological strains, i.e. CYR30 (intern. name: 175E191) and CYR31 (intern. name: 293E175) have been the dominant and epidemic physiological strains since 1994. One Aegilops tauschii accession (SQ-214) from CIMMYT was found immune from or highly resistant to Chinese new stripe rust races CYR30 and CYR31 at adult stage. SQ-214 was crossed with a highly susceptible Ae. tauschii accession As-80. Analysis of data from F1-F2 populations of SQ-214/As-80 revealed that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. To exploit the resistance for wheat breeding, SQ-214 was crossed with Chinese Spring (CS) and backcrossed by two Chinese commercial wheat varieties MY26 and SW3243. The resistance from SQ-214 was suppressed in the F1 hybrids (CS/SQ-214) and the F2 population of CS/SQ-214//MY26. However, the resistance of SQ-214 was expressed in several F2 individuals of CS/SQ-214//SW3243. Eleven advanced lines with high level of resistance to the Chinese stripe rust CYR30 and CYR31 have been developed. This result suggested that SW3243 does not suppress the expression of the Chinese stripe rust and should be used as wheat germplasm for exploiting resistance of Ae. tauschii in wheat breeding. The gliadin electrophoretic pattern of the eleven advanced lines with high stripe rust resistances was compared with their parents SQ-214, CS and SW3243 by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The omega-gliadin bands of Gli-Dt1 in Ae. tauschii SQ-214 were transferred to some advanced lines and freely expressed in common wheat genetic background. One of advanced lines possesses a null Gli-D1 allele, where the omega-gliadin bands encoding by the Gli-D1 allele were absent. The potential utilization of this advanced line for wheat quality and stripe rust resistance breeding is also discussed in this paper.
条锈病是中国小麦作物最具破坏性的病害之一。自1994年以来，两个条锈病生理小种，即CYR30（国际名称：175E191）和CYR31（国际名称：293E175）一直是优势流行生理小种。发现来自国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的一份节节麦种质（SQ - 214）在成株期对中国新的条锈病小种CYR30和CYR31免疫或高抗。将SQ - 214与一个高感节节麦种质As - 80杂交。对SQ - 214/As - 80的F1 - F2群体数据进行分析，结果表明该抗性由一个显性单基因控制。为了在小麦育种中利用这种抗性，将SQ - 214与中国春小麦（CS）杂交，并与两个中国商业小麦品种MY26和SW3243回交。在F1杂种（CS/SQ - 214）和CS/SQ - 214//MY26的F2群体中，来自SQ - 214的抗性受到抑制。然而，在CS/SQ - 214//SW3243的几个F2个体中表达了SQ - 214的抗性。已培育出11个对中国条锈病CYR30和CYR31具有高抗性的新品系。这一结果表明，SW3243不抑制中国条锈病抗性的表达，应作为小麦种质用于在小麦育种中发掘节节麦的抗性。通过酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，比较了11个高抗条锈病新品系与其亲本SQ - 214、CS和SW3243的醇溶蛋白电泳图谱。节节麦SQ - 214中Gli - Dt1位点的ω-醇溶蛋白条带转移到了一些新品系中，并在普通小麦遗传背景中自由表达。其中一个新品系具有Gli - D1基因缺失等位变异，由Gli - D1等位基因编码的ω-醇溶蛋白条带缺失。本文还讨论了该新品系在小麦品质和抗条锈病育种中的潜在利用价值。
