Liu Xiangye, Zhao Xihe, Xu Ling
Shunyi Branch of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 101300, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004 May;33(3):336-8.
To analyze the food sources of calcium and iron among the man and women aged 60 years or older from central districts of Beijing.
The subjects included 2263 elderly who were selected through random cluster-sampling from 4 central districts of Beijing. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall method was used to obtain their food intakes, and the intakes of calcium and iron from different food groups were calculated.
Milk and milk products were the most important sources of calcium. Its contribution was 34.5%. The contribution of vegetables, cereals and legumes was 19.5%, 14.5%, and 10.9%, respectively. Grain products were the major food sources of iron in this study, 38.0% of total iron intake is derived from them. The contribution of vegetables and legumes is 13.7 and 7.2 percent respectively. Proportion of dietary iron from meat, poultry and fish is only 12.8%.
The calcium intake and milk consumption of Beijing elderly was significantly increased recently. But just only 1/3 of the subjects often take milk, and the average calcium intake is only about 1/2 of the recommended amount of adequate calcium intake for the elderly. It would be benefit for improving people's calcium nutritional status, if more variety food rich in calcium were available in the market. Iron from those plant sources are nonheme iron, their bioavailability is very low. For improving people's iron nutritional status, using iron fortification food may be a good choice.
分析北京市中心区60岁及以上男女的钙和铁的食物来源。
研究对象包括通过随机整群抽样从北京市4个中心区选取的2263名老年人。采用24小时膳食回顾法获取他们的食物摄入量，并计算不同食物组中钙和铁的摄入量。
牛奶及奶制品是钙的最重要来源，其贡献率为34.5%。蔬菜、谷类和豆类的贡献率分别为19.5%、14.5%和10.9%。谷物制品是本研究中铁的主要食物来源，总铁摄入量的38.0%来自谷物制品。蔬菜和豆类的贡献率分别为13.7%和7.2%。肉类、禽类和鱼类的膳食铁比例仅为12.8%。
北京老年人的钙摄入量和牛奶消费量最近显著增加。但只有1/3的受试者经常饮用牛奶，平均钙摄入量仅为老年人适宜钙摄入量推荐量的约1/2。如果市场上有更多种类富含钙的食物，将有助于改善人们的钙营养状况。这些植物性来源的铁是非血红素铁，其生物利用率很低。为改善人们的铁营养状况，使用铁强化食品可能是一个不错的选择。
