Seidel George E
Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2003 Dec 15;79(3-4):145-56. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00162-3.
Sperm from many mammalian species can be sexed by flow cytometry/cell sorting at about 90% accuracy without damaging them unduly. However, because sperm are evaluated one at a time, in series, the number of sexed sperm produced per unit time is limited. Furthermore, the equipment required currently is expensive, in the order of 300,000 US dollars per machine. Despite these limitations, commercialization of this technology has begun with bovine semen, in part by inseminating cattle with relatively low number of sperms. No other approach to sexing sperm in any practical way is likely to be available within the next few years. The constraints for commercial application of sexed sperm in cattle can be somewhat lowered fertility, the high costs of equipment and skilled personnel, and costs of intellectual property such as licensing fees and royalty payments. Most economic analyses indicate that farmers can afford to pay 10-20 US dollars more per dose of sexed sperm than unsexed sperm if costs must be recouped by selling milk or meat. When the product is breeding stock or for certain niche applications, a higher price for sexed semen may be justified. Sexed sperm will be used more broadly in cattle only when improved production and/or efficiency can compensate for the extra costs of purchasing sexed sperm.
许多哺乳动物的精子可以通过流式细胞术/细胞分选进行性别鉴定，准确率约为90%，且不会对其造成过度损伤。然而，由于精子是逐个进行串联评估的，所以单位时间内产生的经性别鉴定的精子数量有限。此外，目前所需的设备价格昂贵，每台机器约30万美元。尽管存在这些限制，但这项技术已开始在牛精液方面实现商业化，部分原因是给牛授精时使用的精子数量相对较少。在未来几年内，不太可能有其他实用的精子性别鉴定方法。牛精液性别鉴定商业化应用的限制因素包括生育力有所下降、设备和技术人员成本高昂，以及许可费和特许权使用费等知识产权成本。大多数经济分析表明，如果必须通过销售牛奶或肉类来收回成本，农民每剂经性别鉴定的精子比未经性别鉴定的精子多支付10至20美元是可以承受的。当产品是种畜或用于某些特定的小众应用时，经性别鉴定的精液价格更高可能是合理的。只有当生产和/或效率提高能够弥补购买经性别鉴定的精子的额外成本时，经性别鉴定的精子才会在牛身上得到更广泛的应用。
