Baldry Anna C, Winkel Frans Willem
Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Adolesc. 2003 Dec;26(6):703-16. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.07.002.
Suicidal cognition is defined here as the combination of thinking about committing suicide and engaging in self-harm and is considered to indicate maladjustment following an extreme internalized reaction to negative life events. Victimization at home and at school might lead some youth to suicidal cognition. The present study aimed to examine cross-sectional predictors of suicidal cognition focusing on the unique influence of 'direct victimization' at school by peers and at home by parents, over and above that of vicarious victimization (i.e. exposure to domestic violence). Participants were 998 adolescents randomly recruited from high schools in Italy who had to fill in a cross-sectional survey measuring different dimensions associated with suicidal cognition. Thoughts about committing suicide and self-harming in the previous 6 months were reported by almost a fourth of the whole sample, with girls having these thoughts more frequently than boys. A high prevalence rate was reported also for direct victimization at school (over half of the sample), and at home (a third of the sample) and for vicarious victimization at home (reported by a fifth of the entire sample). Multiple hierarchical regressions showed that a significant proportion of the total variance of suicidal cognition was explained by gender and age, meaning that older girls are more at risk of suicidal cognition than boys; relational victimization at school is also a risk factor. Direct victimization at home by the father for boys and by the father and the mother for girls significantly predicted suicidal cognition after controlling for exposure to domestic violence.
自杀认知在这里被定义为考虑自杀和进行自我伤害的结合，被认为表明对负面生活事件的极端内化反应后的适应不良。在家中和学校遭受伤害可能会导致一些青少年产生自杀认知。本研究旨在考察自杀认知的横断面预测因素，重点关注同伴在学校和父母在家中“直接受害”的独特影响，以及替代受害（即接触家庭暴力）的影响。参与者是从意大利高中随机招募的998名青少年，他们必须填写一项横断面调查，测量与自杀认知相关的不同维度。几乎四分之一的整个样本报告了在过去6个月中有自杀和自我伤害的想法，女孩比男孩更频繁地有这些想法。学校直接受害（样本的一半以上）、家庭直接受害（样本的三分之一）和家庭替代受害（整个样本的五分之一报告）的患病率也很高。多元层次回归表明，自杀认知总方差的很大一部分由性别和年龄解释，这意味着年龄较大的女孩比男孩有更高的自杀认知风险；学校中的关系性受害也是一个风险因素。在控制了接触家庭暴力后，男孩在家中遭受父亲的直接受害以及女孩在家中遭受父亲和母亲的直接受害显著预测了自杀认知。
