Conlon Elizabeth, Sanders Mary, Zapart Siggi
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail Centre, Gold Coast, Qld 9726, Australia.
Neuropsychologia. 2004;42(2):142-57. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.07.004.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between two different temporal processing tasks and word identification performance in skilled, dyslexic and poor adult readers. In Experiment 1 spatial and temporal sequencing tasks were conducted. It was found that adult dyslexics were significantly less accurate than skilled readers across all conditions in the temporal sequencing task, and when higher numbers of stimuli were presented in the spatial task. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 in the temporal sequencing task and also found that poor readers had significantly higher motion coherence thresholds than those found in the skilled reader group. Ten percent of the variance in coherence thresholds was accounted for by performance on the temporal sequencing task. Multiple regression analyses determined that performance on the two temporal tasks could explain seventy percent of the variance in word identification scores, with the temporal sequencing task making the larger independent contribution. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of Experiment 2, while taking into account IQ, verbal memory and processing speed. Three things were concluded. First, the temporal tasks measure different aspects of temporal processing. The contribution to performance of higher-level perceptual and attentional components of the temporal sequencing task accounts for the relatively weak correlation found between the two measures. While sensory sensitivity to motion is measured at MT, the involvement of this area and PPC in higher-level perceptual and attentional processes is suggested by the findings of this study. Second, the association between temporal sequencing and reading skills may provide a stronger link between neural processing and poor reading skills than basic sensory processing measures alone, suggesting that a sensory magnocellular (M) system deficit cannot fully explain the relationship found between reading and visual neural processing. Third, problems with rapid sequential processing are predicted to be a generalised problem in poor adult readers, whether they are formally classified as dyslexic, or are poor performers on measures of word identification. Temporal processing may follow a distribution similar to that found for word identification skills.
本研究的目的是调查熟练的成年读者、阅读障碍成年读者和阅读能力差的成年读者在两种不同的时间处理任务与单词识别表现之间的关系。在实验1中，进行了空间和时间排序任务。结果发现，在时间排序任务的所有条件下，以及在空间任务中呈现更多刺激时，成年阅读障碍者的准确性明显低于熟练读者。实验2重复了实验1中的时间排序任务，还发现阅读能力差的读者的运动连贯性阈值明显高于熟练读者组。连贯性阈值的10% 的方差可由时间排序任务的表现来解释。多元回归分析确定，两项时间任务的表现可以解释单词识别分数70% 的方差，其中时间排序任务的独立贡献更大。实验3重复了实验2的结果，同时考虑了智商、言语记忆和处理速度。得出了三点结论。第一，时间任务测量了时间处理的不同方面。时间排序任务中更高层次的感知和注意力成分对表现的贡献，解释了这两项测量之间相对较弱的相关性。虽然对运动的感觉敏感性在MT区域进行测量，但本研究的结果表明该区域和顶叶后部皮质（PPC）参与了更高层次的感知和注意力过程。第二，时间排序与阅读技能之间的关联，可能比单纯的基本感觉处理测量方法，在神经处理与阅读技能差之间提供更强的联系，这表明感觉大细胞（M）系统缺陷不能完全解释阅读与视觉神经处理之间的关系。第三，预计快速序列处理问题是成年阅读能力差的读者中的一个普遍问题，无论他们是否被正式归类为阅读障碍者，或者在单词识别测量中表现不佳。时间处理可能遵循与单词识别技能类似的分布。
