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生活质量理念之四。大脑与意识。

Quality of life philosophy IV. The brain and consciousness.

作者信息

Ventegodt Søren, Andersen Niels Jørgen, Merrick Joav

机构信息

The quality of Life Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

ScientificWorldJournal. 2003 Dec 1;3:1199-209. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2003.104.

Abstract

In this article we look at the brain's structure and function from a philosophical perspective. Although the brain at micro-level, with its trillions of ultra-thin nerve fibers, is one of the most complicated structures in the known universe, you can still grasp its composition if you go up to the level of the cell. How this structure functions is not quite clear. You can understand its function at fiber level, because it is fairly simple, and you can understand it at cell level, but it is already vague. Roughly speaking, you can envision a single nerve cell as a tiny, independent computer whose behavior is dependent on continuous calculations of all input. At organ level, the function can be understood as an extremely complex pattern machine. Finally, the brain"s function can be understood at the cognitive level as what provides consciousness through its ability to keep order in our complicated reality. The superior function of the brain is to connect the real us, our higher self, to the surrounding world. The brain has been developed so that it can create all possible complex patterns. The connectivity seems to imply that the patterns of the human brain are 1000-dimensional. It is our vision that these complicated patterns arise from basic patterns in the quantum matter of which everything is created. In our opinion, our consciousness" special utilization of a patterned aspect of nature is what lies behind inscrutable statements like "Man is created in God"s image". We suggest that these patterns in matter are the basic, creative force that influences all living organisms. Unfortunately, science has only just begun to understand these patterns. The Bible's description of the origin of man is two people eating from the Tree of Knowledge and as punishment they are expelled from the Garden of Eden. What does that mean? It means that, as conscious creatures, we no longer were an unproblematic, harmonious part of the world around us. The great question is why this consciousness about the world, provided by the brain, is not a gift that makes life better instead of getting us expelled from the Garden of Eden. We think that our real problem is the fact that we are still not in control of our consciousness. Instead of it serving us, we have become its slaves. If we come to understand brain and consciousness in order to solve this basic problem of our existence, we shall again be able to become a coherent part of the world, both as individuals and as a species. We share the vision that such an understanding of the problems of consciousness will make medical science holistic and will bring quality of life, health, and the ability to function to its patients.

摘要

在本文中,我们从哲学角度审视大脑的结构与功能。尽管大脑在微观层面拥有数万亿极细的神经纤维,是已知宇宙中最复杂的结构之一,但如果上升到细胞层面,你仍能掌握其组成。大脑的这种结构如何发挥功能尚不完全清楚。你可以在纤维层面理解其功能,因为这相当简单,在细胞层面也能理解,但已有些模糊。大致而言,你可以将单个神经细胞想象成一台微小的独立计算机,其行为依赖于对所有输入的持续计算。在器官层面,其功能可被理解为一台极其复杂的模式机器。最后,大脑的功能在认知层面可被理解为通过其在复杂现实中维持秩序的能力来提供意识。大脑的卓越功能在于将真实的我们,即更高层次的自我,与周围世界相连。大脑不断进化,以便能够创造所有可能的复杂模式。这种连接性似乎意味着人类大脑的模式是1000维的。我们认为,这些复杂模式源自构成万物的量子物质中的基本模式。在我们看来,我们的意识对自然模式的特殊运用,正是诸如“人是按照上帝的形象创造的”这类难以理解的表述背后的原因。我们认为物质中的这些模式是影响所有生物的基本创造力。不幸地是,科学才刚刚开始理解这些模式。《圣经》中对人类起源的描述是两个人吃了智慧树的果实,作为惩罚他们被逐出了伊甸园。这意味着什么呢?这意味着,作为有意识的生物,我们不再是周围世界毫无问题、和谐的一部分。最大的问题是,由大脑提供的这种对世界的意识,为何不是一份让生活更美好的礼物,反而让我们被逐出了伊甸园。我们认为,我们真正的问题在于我们仍无法掌控自己的意识。意识没有为我们所用,反而我们成了它的奴隶。如果我们为了解决这个基本的生存问题而开始理解大脑和意识,我们将再次能够作为个体和物种成为世界连贯的一部分。我们认同这样一种观点,即对意识问题的这种理解将使医学变得整体化,并将为患者带来生活质量、健康以及功能能力。

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