Mueller-Cunningham Wendy M, Quintana Roberto, Kasim-Karakas Sidika E
Department of Family & Consumers Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 95819-6053, uSA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Dec;103(12):1600-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.09.017.
To determine whether a very low-fat diet (<15% of energy intake) consumed ad libitum during an 8-month period can achieve weight loss of 5% to 10% of initial body weight while still providing adequate intakes of other essential nutrients.
Longitudinal, 8-month, ad libitum, free living, very low-fat diet trial.
Fifty-four of the sixty-four healthy postmenopausal women recruited completed the entire study (age 59+/-8 years, BMI=29.6+/-6.3). Twenty-four of these women used hormone replacement therapy, thirty women did not.
Weekly sessions aimed at teaching and reinforcing a very low-fat intake diet for eight months. MAIN: outcome measures Body weight, percent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, and nutrient intakes derived from 7-day food records at the beginning and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of the study. Statistical analysis performed Repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analysis were used to analyze significant differences in mean data (P<.05).
Fat intake decreased from 33.2+/-7.5% to 11+/-4% over the 8-month intervention period (P<.00001). Weight loss was 6.0 kg+/- 4.2 kg (P<.000038), an 8% weight change, and decrease in percent body fat of 2.7%+/-0.2% (P< or =.000046). Weight correlated better with the self-reported fat intake (r=0.321, P<.01) than the energy intake (r=0.263, P<.05) at baseline. Fiber intake increased from 16 g+/-0.6 g to 23 g+/-0.2 g (P<.0005). All micronutrient intakes remained at or above preintervention ranges, except for a decrease in vitamin E intake from 8.1 mg+/-4.0 mg to 3.7 mg+/-1.1 mg (P<.0005) on the very low-fat diet and linoleic acid from 6.3%+/-1.5% to 2.5%+/-0.7% (P<.000001) with no significant reduction in linolenic acid. Hormone replacement was not associated with the amount of weight loss.
This study demonstrates that adherence to a very low-fat diet consumed ad libitum causes weight loss in the 5% to 10% range and a reduction of body fat. These reductions, along with the observed decreases in fat intake, are associated with improved health outcomes. Because of the decreased vitamin E and n-3 fatty acid intake, emphasis on foods high in these nutrients may need to be encouraged for those consuming a very low-fat diet.
确定在8个月期间随意摄入的极低脂肪饮食（能量摄入的<15%）是否能使体重减轻初始体重的5%至10%，同时仍能提供其他必需营养素的充足摄入量。
纵向、为期8个月的随意、自由生活的极低脂肪饮食试验。
招募的64名健康绝经后女性中有54名完成了整个研究（年龄59±8岁，BMI=29.6±6.3）。这些女性中有24名使用激素替代疗法，30名未使用。
为期8个月的每周课程，旨在教授并强化极低脂肪摄入量的饮食。主要观察指标：体重、体脂百分比、腰臀比、静息能量消耗、呼吸商以及在研究开始时、第2、4、6和8个月时通过7天食物记录得出的营养素摄入量。进行的统计分析：采用重复测量方差分析和Tukey事后分析来分析平均数据中的显著差异（P<0.05）。
在8个月的干预期内，脂肪摄入量从33.2±7.5%降至11±4%（P<0.00001）。体重减轻了6.0 kg±4.2 kg（P<0.000038），体重变化8%，体脂百分比下降2.7%±0.2%（P≤0.000046）。在基线时，体重与自我报告的脂肪摄入量（r=0.321，P<0.01）的相关性比与能量摄入量（r=0.263，P<0.05）的相关性更好。纤维摄入量从16 g±0.6 g增加到23 g±0.2 g（P<0.0005）。除了在极低脂肪饮食中维生素E摄入量从8.1 mg±4.0 mg降至3.7 mg±1.1 mg（P<0.0005）以及亚油酸从6.3%±1.5%降至2.5%±0.7%（P<0.000001），而亚麻酸无显著减少外，所有微量营养素摄入量均保持在干预前范围或以上。激素替代疗法与体重减轻量无关。
本研究表明，随意摄入极低脂肪饮食会导致体重减轻5%至10%，体脂减少。这些减少，连同观察到的脂肪摄入量减少，与改善健康结果相关。由于维生素E和n-3脂肪酸摄入量减少，对于食用极低脂肪饮食的人群，可能需要鼓励他们多食用富含这些营养素的食物。
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