Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M, Barnard Neal D, Scialli Anthony R, Lanou Amy J
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, DC, USA.
Nutrition. 2004 Sep;20(9):738-46. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.005.
This study investigated the nutrient intake of overweight postmenopausal women assigned to a low-fat vegan diet or a Step II diet.
Fifty-nine overweight (body mass index, 26 to 44 kg/m2) postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a self-selected low-fat vegan or a National Cholesterol Education Program Step II diet in a 14-wk controlled trial on weight loss and metabolism. Nutrient intake, which was measured per 1000 kcal, was the main outcome measure. Statistical analyses included within-group and between-group t tests examining changes associated with each diet.
Consumption of a low-fat vegan diet was associated with greater decreases in fat, saturated fat, protein, and cholesterol intakes and greater increases in carbohydrate, fiber, beta-carotene, and total vitamin A intakes than was a Step II diet. The low-fat vegan group also increased thiamin, vitamin B6, and magnesium intakes more than the Step II group, and both groups increased folic acid, vitamin C, and potassium intakes. If considering only food sources of micronutrients, the low-fat vegan group decreased vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, selenium, phosphorous, and zinc intakes compared with baseline. However, with incidental supplements included, decreases were evident only in phosphorous and selenium intakes. No micronutrient decreases were found in the Step II group.
Individuals on a low-fat vegan or Step II diet should take steps to meet the recommended intakes of vitamin D, vitamin K, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Individuals on a low-fat vegan diet should also ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, phosphorous, and selenium.
本研究调查了被分配到低脂纯素饮食或第二步饮食的超重绝经后女性的营养摄入情况。
在一项为期14周的关于减肥和新陈代谢的对照试验中，59名超重（体重指数为26至44kg/m²）的绝经后女性被随机分配到自选的低脂纯素饮食组或国家胆固醇教育计划第二步饮食组。每1000千卡测量的营养摄入量是主要的观察指标。统计分析包括组内和组间t检验，以检查与每种饮食相关的变化。
与第二步饮食相比，食用低脂纯素饮食与脂肪、饱和脂肪、蛋白质和胆固醇摄入量的更大幅度降低以及碳水化合物、纤维、β-胡萝卜素和总维生素A摄入量的更大幅度增加有关。低脂纯素组的硫胺素、维生素B6和镁摄入量也比第二步组增加得更多，两组的叶酸、维生素C和钾摄入量均增加。如果仅考虑微量营养素的食物来源，低脂纯素组与基线相比，维生素D、维生素B12、钙、硒、磷和锌的摄入量有所下降。然而，包括偶然补充剂在内，仅磷和硒的摄入量明显下降。第二步组未发现微量营养素减少。
采用低脂纯素饮食或第二步饮食的个体应采取措施满足维生素D、维生素K、叶酸、钙、镁和锌的推荐摄入量。采用低脂纯素饮食的个体还应确保摄入足够的维生素B12、磷和硒。
