Blua M J, Morgan D J W
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Oct;96(5):1369-74. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-96.5.1369.
Recent epidemics of Pierce's disease of grapevine in California vectored by Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an invasive vector species, have characteristics that differ from epidemics involving native vectors. Among these differences are the longer distances and greater speed that the disease is spread by H. coagulata. In this investigation, we used yellow sticky traps to study the seasonal dispersion activity of H. coagulata in a southern California grape-growing area in which an epidemic of Pierce's disease has caused large losses. For 21 mo, we monitored adult H. coagulata at the edges of vineyards bordering citrus, an important crop host, natural coastal sage scrub vegetation, and natural riparian vegetation. We also monitored H. coagulata dispersion from 0 to 40 m into vineyards. Finally, we examined the vertical dispersion of H. coagulata adults into grapevines through a season. This investigation showed that H. coagulata is associated with citrus, from where it disperses deep into vineyards, and not just the vineyard edge as with Pierce's disease vectors that are native to California. Peak dispersion into vineyards occurred in the summer. Another period of H. coagulata activity occurred in the winter in vineyards bordering citrus. Through the period of peak flight activity, 97% of all H. coagulata adults trapped between 1 and 7 m were caught at an altitude of 5 m or lower, suggesting the potential of a barrier as a management tactic to keep H. coagulata out of vineyards.
近期，由入侵性传病媒介物种——凝香长头叶蝉（Homalodisca coagulata (Say)）传播的加利福尼亚葡萄皮尔斯病疫情，具有一些与涉及本地传病媒介的疫情不同的特征。这些差异包括凝香长头叶蝉传播疾病的距离更长、速度更快。在这项调查中，我们使用黄色粘虫板，研究了凝香长头叶蝉在南加州一个葡萄种植区的季节性扩散活动，该地区的皮尔斯病疫情已造成巨大损失。在21个月的时间里，我们在与柑橘（一种重要的作物寄主）、天然海岸鼠尾草灌丛植被和天然河岸植被接壤的葡萄园边缘监测成年凝香长头叶蝉。我们还监测了凝香长头叶蝉从0到40米向葡萄园的扩散情况。最后，我们研究了成年凝香长头叶蝉在一个季节内进入葡萄藤的垂直扩散情况。这项调查表明，凝香长头叶蝉与柑橘有关，它从柑橘处扩散到葡萄园深处，而不像加利福尼亚本地的皮尔斯病传病媒介那样只与葡萄园边缘有关。进入葡萄园的扩散高峰出现在夏季。在与柑橘接壤的葡萄园里，凝香长头叶蝉在冬季还有另一个活动期。在飞行活动高峰期，诱捕到的所有1至7米之间的成年凝香长头叶蝉中，97%是在5米或更低的高度捕获的，这表明设置屏障作为一种管理策略，有可能将凝香长头叶蝉阻挡在葡萄园之外。
