Lauzière Isabelle, Sheather Simon, Mitchell Forrest
Texas Pierce's Disease Research and Education Program, 259 Business Court, Texas AgriLife Research Fredericksburg, TX 78624, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2008 Aug;37(4):925-37. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2008)37[925:saasdo]2.0.co;2.
A survey of xylem fluid-feeding insects (Hemiptera) exhibiting potential for transmission of Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium causing Pierce's disease of grapevine, was conducted from 2004 to 2006 in the Hill Country grape growing region of central Texas. Nineteen insect species were collected from yellow sticky traps. Among these, two leafhoppers and one spittlebug comprised 94.57% of the xylem specialists caught in this region. Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), Graphocephala versuta (Say), and Clastoptera xanthocephala Germar trap catches varied significantly over time, with greatest counts usually recorded between May or June and August and among localities. A comparison of insect counts from traps placed inside and outside vineyards indicated that G. versuta is always more likely captured on the vegetation adjacent to the vineyard. C. xanthocephala was caught inside the vineyard during the summer. Between October and December, the natural habitat offers more suitable host plants, and insects were absent from the vineyards after the first freezes. H. vitripennis was caught in higher numbers inside the vineyards throughout the grape vegetative season. However, insects were also caught in the habitat near the affected crop throughout the year, and residual populations overwintering near vineyards were also recorded. This study shed new light on the fauna of xylem fluid-feeding insects of Texas. These results also provide critical information to vineyard managers for timely applications of insecticides before insect feeding and vectoring to susceptible grapevines.
2004年至2006年期间，在得克萨斯州中部山区葡萄种植区，对可能传播木质部取食昆虫（半翅目）进行了调查，这种昆虫能传播引起葡萄皮尔斯病的细菌——木质部难养菌。从黄色粘虫板上收集到了19种昆虫。其中，两种叶蝉和一种沫蝉占该地区捕获的木质部取食昆虫的94.57%。葡萄长头叶蝉（Germar）、多变头叶蝉（Say）和黄斑裂头叶蝉（Germar）的诱捕量随时间变化显著，通常在5月或6月至8月间以及不同地点的捕获量最高。对葡萄园内外放置的诱捕器捕获的昆虫数量进行比较表明，多变头叶蝉总是更有可能在葡萄园附近的植被上被捕获。黄斑裂头叶蝉在夏季在葡萄园内被捕获。10月至12月期间，自然栖息地提供了更适宜的寄主植物，首次霜冻后葡萄园里就没有昆虫了。在整个葡萄营养生长季节，葡萄长头叶蝉在葡萄园内的捕获量更高。然而，全年在受影响作物附近的栖息地也能捕获到昆虫，并且还记录到了在葡萄园附近越冬的残留种群。这项研究为得克萨斯州木质部取食昆虫的动物群落提供了新的线索。这些结果也为葡萄园管理者提供了关键信息，以便在昆虫取食并向易感葡萄传播病菌之前及时施用杀虫剂。
