Poikolainen J, Kubin E, Piispanen J, Karhu J
Muhos Research Station, Finnish Forest Research Institute, FIN-91500 Muhos, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2004 Jan 5;318(1-3):171-85. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00396-6.
Heavy metal deposition and changes in the deposition patterns were investigated on the basis of surveys carried out in 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. The concentrations of 10 elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and V; and As and Hg since 1995) were determined on moss (Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi) samples collected from the same permanent sample plots in each survey. The heavy metal concentrations, apart from those in southernmost Finland and close to a number of major emission sources, were relatively low. The mean concentrations of all the heavy metals decreased during the period covered by the surveys. The metals that showed the strongest decrease in concentration since 1985 were Pb (78%), V (70%) and Cd (67%). The concentrations of the other heavy metals decreased by 16-34%. The concentrations of Cr, Cu and Ni were clearly associated with local emission point sources and changes in emission levels. The concentrations of As and Hg, which were measured for the first time during the 1995 survey, decreased on the average by 26% and 10%, respectively.
基于1985年、1990年、1995年和2000年开展的调查，对重金属沉积及其沉积模式的变化进行了研究。在每次调查中，均对从相同的永久性样本地块采集的苔藓（尖叶泥炭藓、平珠藓）样本测定了10种元素（镉、铬、铜、铁、镍、铅、锌和钒；自1995年起还包括砷和汞）的浓度。除芬兰最南端以及靠近一些主要排放源的地区外，重金属浓度相对较低。在调查涵盖的期间内，所有重金属的平均浓度均有所下降。自1985年以来浓度下降最为显著的金属是铅（78%）、钒（70%）和镉（67%）。其他重金属的浓度下降了16%至34%。铬、铜和镍的浓度与当地排放点源及排放水平的变化明显相关。在1995年调查中首次测定的砷和汞的浓度，平均分别下降了26%和10%。
