Otvös E, Pázmándi T, Tuba Z
Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, Páter K. u. 1., Gödöllo 2103, Hungary.
Sci Total Environ. 2003 Jun 20;309(1-3):151-60. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00681-2.
The atmospheric deposition of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in Hungary was investigated by using moss species as bioindicators. Our research was part of an international mapping project (Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Europe) [NORD 21 (1987) 1-44; NORD 9 (1994)] carried out in the most European countries in the 1990s to determine and to compare atmospheric heavy metal background pollution by standardized methods. Sampling was performed at 116 sites distributed over Hungary in the autumn of 1997. Moss species of Hypnum cupressiforme (72.4%) were preferred. But where it could not be collected, other species were taken. Unwashed, dried samples were digested with H(2)O(2)/HNO(3), and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by ICP-AES. The results reflect local emission points. Background mean levels of Cd, Fe and Ni were mildly elevated in comparison to European means [NORD 9 (1994)]. Probably, that was due not only to pollution, but to the use of Hypnum cupressiforme, which can accumulate higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to other species. The results are presented on colored contour maps obtained with the SURFER program (Golden Software Inc. Co).
通过使用苔藓物种作为生物指示物，对匈牙利镉、铬、铜、铁、镍、铅、钒和锌的大气沉降进行了研究。我们的研究是20世纪90年代在大多数欧洲国家开展的一项国际测绘项目（欧洲大气重金属沉降）[NORD 21 (1987) 1 - 44; NORD 9 (1994)]的一部分，该项目旨在用标准化方法确定和比较大气重金属背景污染情况。1997年秋季在匈牙利分布的116个地点进行了采样。首选垂枝藓（Hypnum cupressiforme，占72.4%）作为苔藓物种。但在无法采集到垂枝藓的地方，则选用其他物种。未清洗的干燥样品用H₂O₂/HNO₃进行消解，重金属浓度通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - AES）测定。结果反映了当地的排放源。与欧洲平均水平相比，镉、铁和镍的背景平均水平略有升高[NORD 9 (1994)]。这可能不仅是由于污染，还因为垂枝藓与其他物种相比能够积累更高浓度的重金属。结果呈现在使用SURFER程序（Golden Software Inc. Co）获得的彩色等值线图上。
