Eklund Jenny M, Klinteberg Britt Af
Centre for Health Equity Studies, Sveav 160, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91, Sweden.
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2003;13(4):294-309. doi: 10.1002/cbm.552.
Childhood hyperactivity has previously been found to be closely connected to subsequent alcohol problems and violent offending among men considered to be without major mental disorders. For others, these associations might be moderated or confounded by other factors, predominantly comorbid conduct disorder.
The purpose of the study was to investigate aspects of childhood hyperactive behaviour in relation to alcohol or violent offences in adult life, taking the possible confounders of early criminality and aggressive behaviour into account. Method A total of 192 young male law breakers and 95 non-criminal controls were followed from age 11-14 years into their thirties. Information on aspects of hyperactivity, aggressive behaviour, early criminality and later offences was included in the analyses.
The results supported the hypothesis that aspects of childhood hyperactive behaviour were significantly associated with later drinking offences and violent offending. Further analyses revealed attention difficulties to be the component of hyperactivity most contributing to the relationship. When taking possible confounding variables into consideration, attention difficulties were related to subsequent violent offending among boys with early criminality, independently of early aggressive behaviour. Early criminality, attention difficulties and aggressive behaviour, however, often co-occurred in the same individual. Subsequent drinking offences or violent offending appeared seven times more often among individuals with all early behavioural problems as compared with those who had no such problems.
Complex antisocial behaviours in adult life commonly represent persistence of complex childhood behavioural difficulties, but among young law breakers there does appear to be a subgroup of boys with a main problem of attention difficulties who go on to violent offending, even in the absence of early manifestation of aggression.
先前发现儿童期多动与后续酒精问题以及被认为无重大精神障碍的男性中的暴力犯罪密切相关。对于其他人来说，这些关联可能会受到其他因素的调节或混淆，主要是共病的品行障碍。
本研究的目的是调查儿童期多动行为与成年后酒精或暴力犯罪相关的方面，同时考虑早期犯罪和攻击行为等可能的混杂因素。方法：对192名年轻男性违法者和95名非犯罪对照者从11至14岁开始追踪到三十多岁。分析中纳入了有关多动、攻击行为、早期犯罪和后期犯罪方面的信息。
结果支持了儿童期多动行为与后期饮酒犯罪和暴力犯罪显著相关的假设。进一步分析表明，注意力困难是多动中对这种关系贡献最大的组成部分。在考虑可能的混杂变量时，注意力困难与有早期犯罪行为的男孩随后的暴力犯罪有关，独立于早期攻击行为。然而，早期犯罪、注意力困难和攻击行为常常在同一个体中同时出现。与没有这些问题的人相比，所有早期行为问题都有的个体随后出现饮酒犯罪或暴力犯罪的频率高出七倍。
成年后的复杂反社会行为通常代表着儿童期复杂行为困难的持续存在，但在年轻违法者中，似乎确实有一小部分主要存在注意力困难问题的男孩会继续实施暴力犯罪，即使在没有早期攻击行为表现的情况下也是如此。
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