Hodgkins Paul, Arnold L Eugene, Shaw Monica, Caci Hervé, Kahle Jennifer, Woods Alisa G, Young Susan
Shire Development Inc., Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research Wayne, PA, USA.
Front Psychiatry. 2012 Jan 18;2:84. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00084. eCollection 2011.
There is increased global recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a serious medical condition with long-term consequences. Although originally conceived of as a childhood disorder, ADHD is being increasingly recognized in adults. Individual geographic regions may have specific interests and objectives for the study of ADHD. A systematic review of long-term outcomes (LTOs) in ADHD was conducted to evaluate research on ADHD LTOs on a global scale. Studies that were at least 2 years in duration were examined. A total of 351 studies were identified in the final analysis. We identified nine outcomes of interest and classified studies by specific geographical regions, age groups studied and study design by region and over time. Published studies of LTOs in ADHD have increased in all geographical regions over the past three decades, with a peak number of 42 publications in 2008. This rise in publications on ADHD LTOs may reflect a rise in global interest and recognition of consequences and impairment associated with ADHD. Although many world regions have published on ADHD LTOs, the majority of studies have emerged from the US and Canada, followed by Europe. While investigators in the US and Canada were predominantly interested in drug addiction as a LTO, European researchers were more interested in antisocial behavior, and Eastern Asian investigators focused on both of these LTOs as well as self-esteem. Geographical differences in the focus of ADHD LTO studies may reflect regional variations in cultural values. Proportionally fewer prospective longitudinal studies and proportionally more retrospective and cross-sectional studies have been published in more recent decades. Finally, more studies focusing on ADHD in adolescents and adults have been conducted in recent years, and particularly adolescents in Eastern Asia. These changes in basic study design may reflect an increase in the recognition that ADHD is a lifetime chronic disorder. This systematic review analysis of publication trends in ADHD LTOs reflects geographically based interests that change over time.
全球对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）作为一种具有长期后果的严重医学病症的认识不断提高。尽管ADHD最初被认为是一种儿童期疾病，但在成年人中也越来越受到认可。各个地理区域对于ADHD的研究可能有特定的兴趣和目标。我们进行了一项关于ADHD长期结局（LTO）的系统评价，以在全球范围内评估关于ADHD LTO的研究。对持续时间至少为2年的研究进行了审查。最终分析共确定了351项研究。我们确定了九个感兴趣的结局，并按特定地理区域、所研究的年龄组以及按区域和时间划分的研究设计对研究进行了分类。在过去三十年中，所有地理区域关于ADHD LTO的已发表研究都有所增加，2008年出版物数量达到峰值42篇。关于ADHD LTO的出版物数量的增加可能反映了全球对与ADHD相关的后果和损害的兴趣和认识的提高。尽管许多世界区域都发表了关于ADHD LTO的研究，但大多数研究来自美国和加拿大，其次是欧洲。美国和加拿大的研究人员主要对药物成瘾作为一种长期结局感兴趣，而欧洲研究人员对反社会行为更感兴趣，东亚研究人员则关注这两种长期结局以及自尊。ADHD LTO研究重点的地理差异可能反映了文化价值观的区域差异。近几十年来，前瞻性纵向研究的比例相对较少，回顾性和横断面研究的比例相对较多。最后，近年来开展了更多关注青少年和成年人ADHD的研究，尤其是东亚的青少年。基础研究设计的这些变化可能反映出人们越来越认识到ADHD是一种终身慢性疾病。这项对ADHD LTO出版物趋势的系统评价分析反映了基于地理的兴趣随时间的变化。
