Hayward Mark
School of Applied Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
Psychol Psychother. 2003 Dec;76(Pt 4):369-83. doi: 10.1348/147608303770584737.
The experience of hearing voices (auditory hallucinations) has been construed as that of relating to an interpersonal 'other'. This preliminary study utilized Birtchnell's (1996, 2002) theory of relating to investigate the hypothesis that people who hear voices relate to the voices and to people within their social environment in similar ways. A correlational design was adopted and 27 people provided information about the characteristics of their voice-hearing experience, relating to the voice and relating socially. Significant correlations were found between relating to the voice and relating socially in terms of the 'dominant' and 'submissive' forms of power and the 'clinging' form of proximity: these associations were independent of beliefs about the voices and mood-linked appraisals. However, relating from a position of 'withdrawal' was found to be unique to the experience of voice hearing, and was most extreme when relating to voices that were perceived to have no identity. This study offers further evidence in support of the hypothesis that people who hear voices relate to them in ways that reflect more pervasive patterns of social relating. The clinical implications of these findings for assessment and intervention are discussed.
幻听（听幻觉）的体验被理解为与一个人际层面的“他者”相关。这项初步研究运用了伯奇内尔（1996年、2002年）的关系理论，以调查以下假设：幻听的人与幻听以及其社会环境中的人建立关系的方式相似。采用了相关设计，27人提供了有关其幻听体验特征、与幻听的关系以及社交关系的信息。在与幻听的关系和社交关系之间，在“主导”和“顺从”形式的权力以及“依赖”形式的亲近程度方面发现了显著的相关性：这些关联独立于对幻听的信念和与情绪相关的评估。然而，从“退缩”立场建立关系被发现是幻听体验所特有的，并且在与被认为没有身份的幻听建立关系时最为极端。这项研究提供了进一步的证据，支持了幻听的人与幻听建立关系的方式反映了更普遍的社会关系模式这一假设。讨论了这些发现对评估和干预的临床意义。
