Karls J, Wandrei K E
J Case Manag. 1992 Fall;1(3):90-5.
This article outlines the application of the Person-In-Environment system for the classification of problems which clients bring to case managers. The PIE system, sponsored by the National Association of Social Workers, Inc., concisely describes social role, environmental, mental health, and physical health problems in a format that allows for a clear delineation of the appropriate targets for case management intervention. The article also illustrates the system's use with three case management vignettes involving child protective services, the chronically mentally ill, and older adults.
本文概述了“人在环境中”系统在对客户向个案管理员提出的问题进行分类方面的应用。由美国社会工作者协会赞助的PIE系统，以一种能够清晰界定个案管理干预合适目标的格式，简要描述了社会角色、环境、心理健康和身体健康问题。本文还通过涉及儿童保护服务、慢性精神病患者和老年人的三个个案管理案例来说明该系统的使用情况。
