Harris Christine R, Pashler Harold E, Coburn Noriko
Dept. of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Jan;57(1):1-31. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000107.
Previous research offers conflicting suggestions about whether "high-priority" verbal stimuli such as an individual's own name or emotionally charged words automatically grab attention and/or can be detected without the usual capacity limitations. Nine experiments investigated this issue, using visual search through displays of words. In speeded search tasks, the subject's own name was detected more quickly than other targets, but in no case were search slopes flat enough to suggest parallel search or "pop-out". Further, names were not found to be unusually potent distractors. Emotionally charged words were neither more readily detected as targets nor more potent as distractors than neutral words. A comparison of observers' accuracy in searching briefly exposed simultaneous vs. successive displays provided further evidence that search for "high-priority" word targets is subject to the same severe capacity limitations as those that are found with search for neutral words.
先前的研究对于诸如个人自己的名字或带有情感色彩的词语等“高优先级”言语刺激是否会自动吸引注意力和/或能否在不受通常能力限制的情况下被检测到提出了相互矛盾的观点。九个实验对此问题进行了研究，采用对单词显示进行视觉搜索的方式。在快速搜索任务中，被试自己的名字比其他目标被检测到的速度更快，但在任何情况下搜索斜率都不够平缓，不足以表明是平行搜索或“弹出式”搜索。此外，名字并未被发现是异常强大的干扰项。与中性词相比，带有情感色彩的词语作为目标既不容易被检测到，作为干扰项也没有更强的干扰性。对观察者在搜索短暂呈现的同时显示与连续显示时的准确性进行比较，进一步证明了对“高优先级”单词目标的搜索与对中性词的搜索一样，受到同样严重的能力限制。
