Ambring Anneli, Friberg Peter, Axelsen Mette, Laffrenzen Magdalena, Taskinen Marja-Riitta, Basu Samar, Johansson Mats
Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Göteborg, Sweden.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2004 May;106(5):519-25. doi: 10.1042/CS20030315.
Mediterranean-inspired diets have been shown to decrease cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, who frequently exhibit endothelial dysfunction. The aims of the present study are to improve endothelial function by dietary intervention in healthy subjects with lipid levels representative of a Western population. Twenty-two healthy subjects (mean total cholesterol, 5.6 mmol/l) were given a Mediterranean-inspired diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and sterol esters, but low in saturated fat, or an ordinary Swedish diet, for 4 weeks in a randomized cross-over study. The composition of the diets were: in the Swedish diet, 2090 kcal (where 1 kcal=4.184 kJ; 48% of energy from carbohydrate, 15% from protein and 36% from fat) and 19 g of fibre; in the Mediterranean-inspired diet, 1869 kcal (48% of energy from carbohydrate, 16% from protein, 34% from fat) and 40 g of fibre. After each dietary period, fasting blood lipids, insulin and glucose levels, as well as apo B (apolipoprotein B) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particle size, were analysed. Endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation was measured invasively by venous occlusion plethysmography, and arterial distensibility was assessed by echocardiography tracking. Fibrinolytic capacity across the forearm, as well as oxidative stress measured through urinary F(2)-isoprostane, were evaluated. Total, LDL- and apo B-cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations were decreased by 17%, 22%, 16% and 17% respectively, after the Mediterranean-inspired diet compared with the Swedish diet ( P <0.05 for all). However, no differences in plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and LDL particle size, endothelial function, arterial distensibility, fibrinolytic capacity or oxidative stress were detected. Treatment for 4 weeks with a Mediterranean-inspired diet decreased blood lipids in healthy individuals with a low-risk profile for cardiovascular disease. This beneficial effect was not mirrored in vascular function or oxidative stress evaluation.
地中海式饮食已被证明可降低高胆固醇血症患者的胆固醇水平，这些患者常表现出内皮功能障碍。本研究的目的是通过饮食干预来改善血脂水平代表西方人群的健康受试者的内皮功能。在一项随机交叉研究中，22名健康受试者（平均总胆固醇为5.6 mmol/l）被给予富含ω-3脂肪酸和甾醇酯但饱和脂肪含量低的地中海式饮食，或普通瑞典饮食，为期4周。饮食组成如下：瑞典饮食中，热量为2090千卡（1千卡 = 4.184千焦；48%的能量来自碳水化合物，15%来自蛋白质，36%来自脂肪），纤维含量为19克；地中海式饮食中，热量为1869千卡（48%的能量来自碳水化合物，16%来自蛋白质，34%来自脂肪），纤维含量为40克。每个饮食阶段结束后，分析空腹血脂、胰岛素和血糖水平，以及载脂蛋白B（apolipoprotein B）和低密度脂蛋白（low - density lipoprotein）颗粒大小。通过静脉阻塞体积描记法有创测量内皮依赖性和非依赖性血管舒张，并通过超声心动图追踪评估动脉扩张性。评估前臂的纤溶能力以及通过尿F(2)-异前列腺素测量的氧化应激。与瑞典饮食相比，地中海式饮食后总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B胆固醇和三酰甘油（甘油三酯）浓度分别降低了17%、22%、16%和17%（所有P均<0.05）。然而，未检测到胰岛素和葡萄糖的血浆浓度、低密度脂蛋白颗粒大小、内皮功能、动脉扩张性、纤溶能力或氧化应激存在差异。对心血管疾病低风险的健康个体进行4周的地中海式饮食治疗可降低血脂。这种有益效果在血管功能或氧化应激评估中未得到体现。
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