幼儿对新奇物品命名创新的来源。
The sources of young children's name innovations for novel artifacts.
作者信息
Nelson Deborah G, Herron Lindsay, Holt Morghan B
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081-1390, USA.
出版信息
J Child Lang. 2003 Nov;30(4):823-43. doi: 10.1017/s0305000903005798.
Two studies investigated whether four-year-old children (12 in Experiment 1 with a mean age of 4;8 and 36 in Experiment 2 with a mean age of 4;7) invent names for new artifacts based on the objects' functions as opposed to their perceptual properties. Children informed about the intended functions of novel objects provided more name innovations that were clearly function-based than perception-based. This tendency was observed when children were shown the objects' functions, even if they were also given verbal descriptions of the objects' perceptual properties and parts. Only when ignorant of the objects' intended functions did children tend to use perceptual features to create substantial numbers of names. Accordingly, results from this name-innovation methodology converge with findings from some recent studies of lexical categorization suggesting that functional information is critical to how preschoolers extend artifact names. Children appear to appreciate an intimate relation between the functions of artifacts and how they are named.
两项研究调查了四岁儿童（实验1中有12名儿童，平均年龄为4岁8个月；实验2中有36名儿童，平均年龄为4岁7个月）是否会根据新人工制品的功能而非其感知属性来为其发明名称。了解新物体预期功能的儿童所提供的更多名称创新明显基于功能而非感知。当向儿童展示物体的功能时，即使也给他们提供了物体感知属性和部件的口头描述，这种趋势也会被观察到。只有当儿童不知道物体的预期功能时，他们才倾向于使用感知特征来创造大量名称。因此，这种名称创新方法的结果与最近一些词汇分类研究的结果一致，表明功能信息对于学龄前儿童如何扩展人工制品名称至关重要*。儿童似乎认识到人工制品的功能与其命名方式之间的密切关系。*
注
原文最后一句“Children appear to appreciate an intimate relation between the functions of artifacts and how they are named.”中“how they are named”直译为“它们是如何被命名的”，在中文语境中稍显生硬，调整为“其命名方式”使表达更自然流畅。整体译文在忠实原文的基础上，尽量优化了中文表达。
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