Seibold Esther S, Knafl Kathleen, Grey Margaret
Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Diabetes Educ. 2003 Nov-Dec;29(6):997-1004. doi: 10.1177/014572170302900609.
This research describes the family context of eating and mealtime patterns in young adolescents at high risk for type 2 diabetes and the implications for preventing this disease.
Ten families, each consisting of a child and one parent, participated in individual, semistructured interviews that focused on family eating patterns. Topics included meal schedules, food preparation, family eating patterns, school eating patterns, and perception of the child's weight. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using focused summaries and thematic analysis methods.
Four main themes were identified: child and family eating patterns, perspectives on obesity, perspectives on weight control, and health concerns. Family eating patterns were often inconsistent, and few healthy eating models were available at home or school. Obesity was not always seen as a negative factor, particularly by the youth. Weight-control efforts were sporadic, typically unsuccessful, and consisted primarily of intermittent increases in physical activity. Parents did not actively participate in their child's weight-control efforts.
Effective interventions for obesity and prevention of type 2 diabetes in youth should include parents in both cognitive and behavioral strategies.
本研究描述了2型糖尿病高危青少年的饮食和用餐模式的家庭背景及其对预防该疾病的意义。
十个家庭，每个家庭由一个孩子和一位家长组成，参与了聚焦于家庭饮食模式的个人半结构化访谈。主题包括用餐时间表、食物准备、家庭饮食模式、学校饮食模式以及对孩子体重的认知。访谈进行了录音，逐字转录，并使用聚焦摘要和主题分析方法进行分析。
确定了四个主要主题：孩子和家庭的饮食模式、对肥胖的看法、对体重控制的看法以及健康问题。家庭饮食模式往往不一致，在家或学校很少有健康的饮食模式。肥胖并不总是被视为负面因素，尤其是在青少年中。体重控制努力是零星的，通常不成功，主要包括间歇性增加体育活动。家长没有积极参与孩子的体重控制努力。
针对青少年肥胖和2型糖尿病预防的有效干预措施应让家长参与认知和行为策略。
