Tomie Arthur, Wong Karlvin, Apor Khristine, Patterson-Buckendahl Patricia, Pohorecky Larissa A
Department of Psychology and Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, 607 Allison Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Alcohol. 2003 Nov;31(3):125-35. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.08.003.
In two studies, we evaluated the effects of ethanol concentration and trial spacing on Pavlovian autoshaping of ethanol drinking in rats. In these studies, the brief insertion of an ethanol sipper conditioned stimulus (CS) was followed by the response-independent presentation of food unconditioned stimulus (US), inducing sipper CS-directed drinking conditioned responses (CRs) in all rats. In Experiment 1, the ethanol concentration in the sipper CS [0%-16% volume/volume (vol./vol.), in increments of 1%] was systematically increased within subjects across autoshaping sessions. Groups of rats received sipper CS-food US pairings (Paired/Ethanol), a CS-US random procedure (Random/Ethanol), or water sipper CS paired with food US (Paired/Water). In Experiment 2, saccharin-fading procedures were used to initiate, in the Ethanol group, drinking of 6% (vol./vol.) ethanol in 0.1% saccharin or, in the Water group, drinking of tap water in 0.1% saccharin. After elimination of saccharin, and across days, the duration of access to the sipper CS during each autoshaping trial was increased (5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 s), and subsequently, across days, the duration of the mean intertrial interval (ITI) was increased (60, 90, 120, and 150 s). In Experiment 1, Paired/Ethanol and Random/Ethanol groups showed higher intake of ethanol, in terms of grams per kilogram of body weight, at higher ethanol concentrations, with more ethanol intake recorded in the Paired/Ethanol group. In Experiment 2, the Ethanol group drank more than was consumed by the Water group, and, for both groups, fluid intake increased with longer ITIs. Results support the suggestion that autoshaping contributes to sipper CS-directed ethanol drinking.
在两项研究中，我们评估了乙醇浓度和试验间隔对大鼠巴甫洛夫式乙醇饮用量自动形成的影响。在这些研究中，短暂插入乙醇吸管条件刺激（CS）后，会出现与反应无关的食物非条件刺激（US）呈现，从而在所有大鼠中诱导出指向吸管CS的饮水条件反应（CRs）。在实验1中，在自动形成训练过程中，受试者体内吸管CS中的乙醇浓度[0%-16%体积/体积（vol./vol.），以1%的增量]系统地增加。大鼠组接受吸管CS-食物US配对（配对/乙醇）、CS-US随机程序（随机/乙醇）或水吸管CS与食物US配对（配对/水）。在实验2中，采用糖精消退程序，在乙醇组中开始饮用含0.1%糖精的6%（vol./vol.）乙醇，在水组中开始饮用含0.1%糖精的自来水。在消除糖精后，随着时间的推移，每次自动形成试验中接触吸管CS的持续时间增加（5、10、12.5、15、17.5和20秒），随后，随着时间的推移，平均试验间隔（ITI）的持续时间增加（60、90、120和150秒）。在实验1中，配对/乙醇组和随机/乙醇组在较高乙醇浓度下，以每千克体重克数计算的乙醇摄入量更高，配对/乙醇组记录的乙醇摄入量更多。在实验2中，乙醇组的饮用量超过了水组，并且对于两组来说，液体摄入量随着ITI延长而增加。结果支持了自动形成有助于指向吸管CS的乙醇饮用这一观点。
